Exam 2 Review

Question 1

Physical dependence

Answer 1

Withdraw

Question 2

Tolerance

Answer 2

State of adaptation which results in decreased drug effect over time.

Question 3

Addiction

Answer 3

Chronic neurological & biological disease w/ impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm.

Question 4

Opioids

Answer 4

Adverse effects: constipation, nausea, vomiting, sedation, respiratory depression, urinary retention

SLOWS EVERYTHING DOWN

Question 5

Post-op diet

Answer 5

Protein
ZAnC…ED
Zinc, vitamins A,C, E, & D

Question 6

Emergency consent

Answer 6

Two signatures from doctors not involved in case

Question 7

Restlessness in post-op.

Answer 7

HYPOXIA - unless otherwise states

Question 8

Brain functions altered by mental illness & psychotropic medications

Answer 8

Maintenance of homeostasis

Regulation of ANS & hormones

Question 9

Dopamine (neurotransmitter/monoamines)

Answer 9

Decrease: Parkinson’s disease & depression
Increase: schizophrenia, mania

Question 10

Norepinephrine (neurotransmitter/monoamines)

Answer 10

Decrease: depression
Increase: anxiety attacks

Question 11

Serotonin (neurotransmitter/monoamines)

Answer 11

Decreased: depression
Increase: anxiety attacks

Question 12

Histamine (neurotransmitter/monoamines)

Answer 12

High levels associated w/ anxiety & depression

Question 13

Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (neurotransmitter)

Answer 13

Decrease: anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, mania, Huntington chorea
Increase: reduction of anxiety, schizophrenia, & mania

Question 14

Glutamate

Answer 14

The major mediator of excitatory signals in the CNS

Involved in most aspects of normal brain function, including cognition, memory, & learning.

Question 15

Cholinergics

Answer 15

Acetylcholine
Increase: depression
Decrease: Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington chorea, Parkinson’s disease

Question 16

Neurotransmitter (peptides-neuromodulators)

Answer 16

Substance P - regulations of moof & anxiety
Role in pain management
Somatostatin - decrease: Alzheimer’s
Increase: Huntington disease
Neurotensin- decrease levels in CSF of pt. w/
schizophrenia.

Question 17

Antidepressant drugs - monoamines oxidase.

inhibitors

Answer 17

Catecholamines: norepinephrine, epinephrine,
Dopamine
Indolamines: serotonin

Question 18

Monoamines oxidase

Answer 18

Enzymes that destroys monoamines

Question 19

Monoamines oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 19

Drugs that increase concentrations of monoamines by inhibiting MAO

Question 20

Anti-depressant drugs : monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Answer 20

Phenelzine (Nardil)
Tranylcypromine (parnate)

TYRAMINE RESTRICTION

Question 21

Tricycle (Cyclic) antidepressant (TCAs)

Answer 21

Amitriptylylene (Elavil), Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

Increase norepinephrine
Side effect - anticholinergic effects

Question 22

Selective serotonin reputake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 22

Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertaline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil)

Increase serotonin

Question 23

Serotonin norepinephrine disinhibitors (SNDIs)

Answer 23

Mirtazapine (remeron)

Increase serotonin & norepinephrine

Question 24

Serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)

Answer 24

Atomextine (strattera)

Treat ADHD when stimulants not tolerated.

Question 25

Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)

Answer 25

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Do not act on serotonin system

Question 26

Lithium

Answer 26

Stabilizes depression & mania Narrow therapeutic index Potential for toxicity Tremor, ataxia, confusion,convulsions, & N/V >1.5 toxic Level drawn 12 hours after last dose Can cause fluid shift because Li is a salt

Question 27

Antipsychotic drugs/first generation agents (FGA)

Answer 27

``` -“ine” Adverse reactions Dystopia - muscle stiffness Akathisia - restlessness Tardive dyskinesia Drug induced Parkinson’s Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Orthostatic hypotension ``` Positive symptoms schizophrenia

Question 28

Second generation (AGA) atypical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 28

Target + & - symptoms of schizophrenia “-done” “-pine”

Question 29

Depersonalization disorder

Answer 29

Feeling unreal, detached, outside of body, dreamlike, numb

Question 30

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 30

Psychologically induced memory loss. | Severe stressor

Question 31

Dissociative amnesia w/ fugue

Answer 31

Unexpected travel

Question 32

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 32

Multiple personality

Question 33

Neutrophils

Answer 33

``` Largest % Initial attack Granualocyte Neutral - 50% Neutralize Shifting - left shift Pus - yellowish white ```

Question 34

Eosinophils

Answer 34

Excrete | Allergic reaction

Question 35

Basophils

Answer 35

1% - least amount Base General/allergic

Question 36

Monocytes

Answer 36

Becomes macrophage | phage means eat

Question 37

T-Cells

Answer 37

Directly attacking | T-boning

Question 38

B-cells

Answer 38

Synthesizing antibody response | Natural killer