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Exam 2 Review sheet Flashcards

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1
Q

Antiepileptics

A 
Hydantoins	
Succinimides	
Barbiturates 	
Adjunct Therapy	
Benzodiazepines
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2
Q

Hydrantoins Prototype

A

phenytoin (Dilantin)

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3
Q

Other drugs in the same class as phenytoin (Dliantin)

A

ethotoin
fosphenytoin
mephytoin

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4
Q

Indications for phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Treats tonic-chronic (grand-mal) & complete-partial seizures

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5
Q

Mechanism of action of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A
  • enhancement of GABA
  • inhibition of glutamate
  • prolonging inactiveation period of Na Channels (Slows channels down)
  • inactivation of Ca channels
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6
Q

Absorption of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

slow with PO and IM

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7
Q

Distribution of phenytoin (Dliantin)

A

Highly protein bound
T1/2 increases as dose increases
Low dose = 6-24 hours T 1/2
Thera peutic dose = 20-60 hr T 1/2

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8
Q

Metabolism of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Liver

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9
Q

Elimination of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Kidney

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10
Q

Therapeutic level of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

10-20 mcg/mL (narrow therapeutic range)

Steady state at 7-10 days

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11
Q

Drug interactions with phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

CYP450 inducer = increase metabolism of other meds

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12
Q

Adverse effects of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

CNS: dizziness, ataxia, blurred vision, slurred speech, tremor, confusion
Nausea
gingival hyperplasia
derm reaction (infiltrate steven johnson syndrome)
Liver damage
CV collapse (IVP slow)
hypotension

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13
Q

Contraindications of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

CV: sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, 2nd and 3rd degree heart block
DM: Increase blood sugars
PG: class D
co-admin with tube feedings (Increase protein levels)
ETOH use & other drug interactions

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14
Q

Education of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Do not stop suddenly (will cause seizures)
Monitor levels (small change in dose = large change in serum level
must shake thoroughly
Good dental hygiene
take with food
DM: Check blood sugar
May decrease effectiveness of birth control

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15
Q

True or false: Always dilute in NS

A

True

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16
Q

True or false: Compatible w/ D5W (will cause precipitate)

A

False: NOT compatible with D5W

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17
Q

True or false: Can increase BS

A

True

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18
Q

What is the prototype of Succinimides?

A

ethosuximide (Zarontin)

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19
Q

Indications for ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

Treat absence (petite mal seizures)

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20
Q

Mechanism of action of ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

Delays influx of Ca ions

1 week to see results

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21
Q

Absorption of ethosuximde (Zarontin)

A

Only oral admin

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22
Q

Distribution of ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

Peak: 3-7 hours

Half life: 30-60 hours

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23
Q

Metabolism of ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

Liver

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24
Q

Elimination of ethosuximide (Zarontin)

A

Kidneys

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25
Drug interactions with ethosuximide (Zarontin)
interacts with some other anti-epileptic drugs
26
Adverse effect of ethosuximide (Zarontin)
``` Increased suicidal thoughts Drowsiness lethargy nausea blood dyscrasias rash, joint pain, fever, sore throat, blurred vision, PG Unusual bleeding or bruising Notify MD ```
27
What is dyscrasias?
Any disease condition, especially in hematology, as in "blood dyscrasias." The term "dyscrasia" was borrowed from the Greek meaning "a bad mixture" referring to the ancient belief that an imbalance between the four humors - blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile- which caused disease.
28
Education of ethosuximide (Zarontin)
``` Monitor levels at the start and when changing doses Assess CBC, UA, and LFT Taper gradually to discontinue Take with milk or food if GI upset Use birth control beyond the pill Urine may change color (pinkish) NO ETOH due to drowsiness ```
29
Drug prototype for barbituates
phenobarbital
30
Indications for phenobarbital
Last resort for extended seizures | Tonic clonic and focus seizure treatment
31
Mechanism of Action of phenobarbital
Stimulates GABA receptors
32
What is GABA again??
Gamma-Amino Butyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It inhibits nerve transmission in the brain, calming nervous activity
33
Therapeutic level of phenobarbital
20-40 mcg/mL (narrow therapeutic range)
34
Drug interaction with phenobarbital
Interacts with many different drugs
35
Adverse effects of phenobarbital
CNS, respiratory depressant Sedation Increased potential for abuse/addiction Increase tolerance (sedative) with/LT use and dependence
36
Contraindications with phenobarbital
PG: Class D
37
Education for phenobarbital
Wean slowly
38
True or false: phenobarbital is used mostly after other seizure meds have failed
True
39
Drug prototype for Adjunct therapy
levetiracetam (Keppra)
40
Indications for use of levetiracetam (Keppra)
Used more now as primary drug for seizure treatment than Dilantin due to less side effects
41
Mechanism of action of levetiracetam (Keppra)
Unknown
42
Metabolism of levetiracetam (Keppra)
1/3 in liver (ok for liver patients)
43
Elimination of levetiracetam (Keppra)
Kidneys (unchanged)
44
Drug interactions with levetiracetam (Keppra)
no significant
45
Adverse effects with levetiracetam (Keppra)
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, infection
46
Education for levetiracetam (Keppra)
- caution d/t ↑ accidental injuries | - PEDS = ↑ behavioral changes (nervous, hostile, agitated, depressed)
47
Prototype for Benzodiazepines
lorazepam
48
Other drugs in the same class as lorazepam
clonazepam diazepam midazolam
49
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- partial seizure tx - off label uses for psych disorders - Decrease sodium into cells - Do not give with other drugs - Black box warning - anemia - IVP = Steven Johnson syndrome (Asians)
50
valproic acids (Depakote)
- most used world wide - block influx of sodium and stim GABA - hard on liver (monitor LFT's) - caution with PEDS - off-label use for psych (migraines)
51
gabapentin (Neurontin)
- originally neuropathy treatment - used in PEDS for seizure tx - unknown MOA - Not metabolized in liver (ok for liver patients) - No drug interactions
52
Anxiety/Sleep meds
``` Benzodiazepines Barbituates Non-Benzodiazepam hypnotic Melatonin receptor agonist Hypnotic ```
53
What is the prototype for Benzodiazepine as an anxiety/sleep med?
lorazepam (Ativan)
54
Other drugs in the same class as lorazepam (Ativan) that are considered anxiety/sleep meds?
``` alprazolam (Xanax) chlordiazepoxide (Librium) chlorazepate (Traxene) diazepam (Valium) midazolam (Versed) ```
55
Hypnotic drugs that are under the same class as lorazepam (Ativan)?
flurazepam (Dalmane) temazepam (Restoril) triazolam (Halcion)
56
Indications for use of lorazepam (Ativan)
``` anxiety sleep antiepileptic ETOH withdrawl induction of gen. antesthesia pre-op sedation continuous sedation ```
57
Mechanism of action lorazepam (Ativan)
bind to BZ1 (sleep) and BZ2 (memory, motor, sensory, cognitive) receptors Increase effects of GABA
58
Distribution of lorazepam (Ativan)
highly protein bound | Onset: fast/medium
59
Absorption of lorazepam (Ativan)
easliy absorbed from GI tract | some readily absorbed when given IM
60
Metabolism of lorazepam (Ativan)
Liver | lorazepam and oxazepam metab to inactive substances (ok for liver patients)
61
Excretion of lorazepam (Ativan)
Kidneys
62
Contraindications of lorazepam (Ativan)
``` Resp depression or with other CNS depressants acute angle glaucoma psychoses ETOH, narcotics, barbituates PG: Class X ```
63
Adverse effects of lorazepam (Ativan)
well tolerated mild drowsiness ataxia and confusion (esp elderly) rare: CNS depression
64
Education with lorazepam (Ativan)
do not stop abruptly (esp for seizure management) | elderly may need half dose due to toxicity
65
Other drugs in the same class at phenobarbital used for anxiety/sleep meds
``` chloral hydrate mephobarbital phenobarbital secobarbital tuinal thiopental ```
66
Adverse effects of phenobarbital
``` low safety CNS depressant resp depressant suicidal potential physical dependence tolerance abuse potential induce hepatic drug metabolism ```
67
What is the prototype of a barbituate?
phenobarbital
68
What is the prototype of a non-benzodiazepam hypnotic?
eszopiclone (Lunesta)
69
Indications for use of eszopiclone (Lunesta)
induce sleep | ok for LT use
70
Mechanism of action of eszopiclone (Lunesta)
induces sleep quickly | prevents waking up in the middle of the night
71
Distribution of eszopiclone (Lunesta)
long half life | rapid onset: 1 hr
72
Adverse effects of eszopiclone (Lunesta)
AM headache Prolonged drowsiness Bitter aftertaste
73
What is the prototype for Melatonin receptor agonist
ramelteon (Rozerem)
74
Indications for ramelteon (Rozerem)
Induces sleep
75
Mechanism of action of ramelteon (Rozerem)
high affinity for melatonin receptors | no effect on GABA
76
Contraindications for ramelteon (Rozerem)
Pregnancy: Category X
77
Education of ramelteon (Rozerem)
No risk of abuse or tolerance
78
True or false: ramelteon (Rozerem) is a controlled substance?
False: It is not a controlled substance
79
What is the prototype for Hypnotics?
zolpidem (Ambien)
80
Indications for use of zolpidem (Ambien)
Insomnia | Short term use: 7-10 days only
81
Adverse effects of zolpidem (Ambiem)
Tolerance possible
82
Education on zolpidem (Ambiem)
no residual effects next day | no insomnia rebound effects when discontinued
83
What are different types of Adrenergic Agonist (SNS)
Non-selective adrenergic agonist Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist (Selective) Alpha-2 Agonist Beta adrenergic agonist
84
What is the prototype for the non-selective adrenergic agonist?
epinephrine
85
Other drugs in the same class as epinephrine
ephedrine (FenFen) norepinephrine (Levophed) vasopressin
86
Mechanism of action of epinephrine
``` Stim all (alpha and beta) adrenergic receptors in body. Greatest effect on Cv and CNS Fight or flight ```
87
Indications for epinephrine
Shock, CPR (code), v-fib, asthma, cluster headache, simple glaucoma/cataracts, GI hemorrhage, hyperkalemia, wheezing in infants.
88
Effects of epinephrine
Increased BP/HR, relax broncial and smooth muscle, vasoconstrictor in periph. blood vessels, inhibit insulin secretions = Increased Blood sugar
89
Route of admin of epinephrine
SQ, IV, IM, Inhalation, topical, opthlalmic | NOT PO
90
Absorption of epinephrine
Quick
91
Duration of epinephrine
1-4 hours
92
Metabolization of epinephrine
Liver (quick, T1/2 = 2 min, MAO/COMT destroys, may need to give mult. doses.
93
Epinephrine is excreted through the ______________
Kidneys
94
Epinephrine contraindications are:
``` Hypersensitivity Active labor close angle Glaucoma Sulfite sensitivity dysrhythmias CAD HTN of hyperthyroidism ```
95
Adverse effects of epinephrine
``` Fatigue Increase blood glucose Sleep disturbances tremors weakness dizziness CV stim Cerebral hemorrhage ```
96
Drug interactions with epinephrine
``` MAO inhibitors tricyclic antidepressants general anesthesics alpha adrenergic blockers beta adrenergic blockers ```
97
Nursing management of epinephrine
``` Establish baseline vitals Monitor resp status and BP closely Use cardiac monitor/resuscitation equip monitor for hyperglycemia monitor for change in I&O examine ocular and nasal mucosa ```
98
What is the prototype of Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist (selective)?
phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine)
99
What is another drug in the same class as phenylephedrine
naphazoline HCL (Allerest, Clear eyes)
100
Indications for use of phenylephedrine (Neo-synephrine)
Shock, relief of nasal/pharyngeal mucous congestions, dilation of pupils for eye procedures.
101
Adverse effects of phenylephedrine (Neo-synephrine)
Blurred vision
102
What is the prototype of Alpha-2 Agonist
clonidine (Catapress, patch form)
103
Other drugs in the same class as clonidine (Catapress, patch form)
methyldopa (Aldomet)
104
Mechanism of action of clonidine (Catapress, patch form)
stim. Alpha-2 receptors which inhibit SNS
105
Indications for use of clonidine (Catapress, patch form)
HTN
106
Excretion of clonidine (Catapress, patch form)
40-60% excreted unchanged
107
Adverse effects of clonidine (Catapress, patch form)
dizziness and drowsiness (give at night)
108
What is the off label use for clonidine (Catapress, patch form)?
Migraines
109
What is the prototype for Beta adrenergic agonists?
dopamine
110
What other drugs are in the same class as dopamine?
albuterol isoproterenol dobutamine
111
Mechanism of action of dopamine
Stim alpha 1 and beta 1 receptors
112
Indications for use of dopamine
early shock (increased BP)
113
Effects of dopamine
beta-1 stim = increased Cardiac output by increased force of contractions and HR leads to increased O2 need for myocardium dilates renal and mesenteric arteries at low doses
114
Adverse effects of dopamine
``` ectopic beats n/v tachy angina palpitations hypotension (vasodilation at low doses) vasoconstrictor at high doses ```
115
Nursing management of dopamine
patient on monitors and frequent vital signs
116
What is the prototype drug for Alpha Adrenergic antagonist?
prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
117
Other drugs in the same class as prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
doxazosin (Cardura - not 1st line tx for HTN) tamsulosin (Flomax - BPH tx) terazosin (Hytrin - not 1st line tx for HTN
118
Mechanism of Action for prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
blocks post synaptic alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
119
Indications for prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
HTN BPH Raynaud's
120
Effects of prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
Lowers supine and standing BP
121
Route of prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
Oral
122
Absorption of prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
Onset = 1 hr
123
Duration of prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
10 hrs
124
Metabolization of prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
Liver
125
Excretion of prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
Bile, feces, and urine
126
Contraindications of prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
Hypersensitivity | Angina pt b/c hypotension may worsen condition
127
Adverse effects of prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
Orthostatic hypotension, light headedness, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, weakness, lethargy, nausea, palpitations
128
Drug interactions with prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx)
other HTN meds
129
True or False: prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx) has first dose phenomenon
True: Causes extreme drop in BP and goes away with time.
130
When should prazosin (Minipress - HTN tx) be given - morning or night?
Give at night
131
What is the prototype for Beta adrenergic antagonists (beta blockers)?
propranolol
132
What other drugs are in the same class as propranolol?
``` They all end in -olol atenolol metoprolol nadolol timolol ```
133
Indications for use of propranolol
Cardiac, glaucoma, migraines | Off label: PTSD, sweating, and anxiety
134
propranolol is contraindicated for:
COPD, resp, and asthma patients
135
Adverse effects of propranolol:
``` slow HR (SA/AV node slows) Bronchoconstriction (NOT for COPD/asthma/resp pts) hypoglycemia (masks s/s, increase insulin production = Decrease blood sugar) alters lipids ```
136
Cholinergic Agonist (PSNS)
Direct acting muscarinic agonist Direct acting nicotinic agonist Indirect acting cholinergic agonist
137
What is the prototype drug for direct acting muscarinic agonist
pilocarpine (eye drops, constriction, glaucoma tx)
138
Other drugs in the same class as pilocarpine
acetylecholine bethanecol (urinary ret tx post op) carbachol (miosis = decreased intraocular pressure)
139
Mechanism of action of pilocarpine
stim receptors to produce miosis
140
Indications for use of pilocarpine
Open angle glaucoma alngle closure glaucoma induction of miosis
141
Effects of pilocarpine
miosis | secretory gland effect = increased salivary flow
142
Route of pilocarpine
topical | oral
143
Absorption of pilocarpine
onset depend on route
144
Excretion of pilocarpine
Urine
145
Contraindications of pilocarpine
hypersensitivity retinal detatchment airway disease
146
Adverse effects of pilocarpine
Ocular: burning and stinging, tearing, and ciliary spasm Oral: tachy, HTN, bronchospasms, pulmonary edema, N/V, salvation and sweating.
147
Prototype of Direct acting nicotinic agonists
Nicotine (smoking cessation tx)
148
Route of direct acting nicotinic agonists
gum, spray, pills, patch
149
Prototype of indirect acting cholinergic agonists (cholinesterase inhibitors)
neostigmine (Prostigmin/Neostigmin) | rarely used, Myasthenia Gravis tx
150
Other drugs in the same class as cholinergic agonist
``` ambenonium edrophonium physostigmine pyridostigmine tacrine (Cognex) donepezil (Aricept) ```
151
Mechanism of action of cholinergic agonist
inhibit acetylcholinesterase Decrease destruction of ACH = increase ACH Increase cholinergic action
152
Indications of cholinergic agonist
``` Alzheimer's (Increase ACH = Increased memory myasthenia gravis glaucoma reverse NM blocks nerve gas prophylaxis skeletal muscle contractions ```
153
Prototype drug for cholinergic antagonist
atropine
154
Other drugs in the same class as atropine
benztropine (Parkinson's) hyoscyamine (Cystospaz - relaz smooth muscle in gut) ipratropium bromide (Atrovent - inhaler, bronchodilator) propantheline scopolamine (motion sickness) trihexphenidyl (Parkinson's)
155
Mechanism of action of atropine
competitive antagonists with NT's to block receptors (not reversible) Complete with ACH Block ACH at muscarinic receptors in PSNS
156
Indications for use of atropine
Emergency: bradycardia, PEA (pulseless electrical activity), asystole, CPR (Increased HR and stim heart to pump) Pre-op: Decrease resp. secretions (prevent aspiration) Operatively: Block cardiovagal reflexes, arrythmias GI: duodenal ulcers, IBS Opthamology: cycloplegia (paralysis of cilliary muscles), Iritis
157
Effects of atropine:
small doses = decreased HR large doses = increased HR CNS: Small doses = Decreased muscle rigidity and tremors Large doses = drowsiness, disorientation and hallucinations Eye: Dilated pupils (mydriasis) GI: Decreased mortaility and peristalsis, Decreased intestinal and gastric secretions Misc: Decreased saliva and sweating
158
Adverse effects of atropine:
tachy, urinary retraction, constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision (caution with driving), photosensitivity (wear dark glasses), Increased risk of heat stroke (limit physical exertion and exercise)
159
Contraindications of atropine:
hypersensitivity, CHF (Increased workload of heart), hiatal hernia, GI/GU obstruction, BPH, glaucoma, tachy "Cant's see, Can't spit, Can't pee, Can't shit"
160
Rapid acting insulin
aspart (Novolog) | lispro (Humalog)
161
Short acting insulin
Regular
162
Intermediate acting insulin
NPH
163
Long acting insulin
glargine (Lantus) | Levemir
164
Combination insulin
Novolin 70/30 (N/R)
165
Onset, Peak, and Duration of aspart (Novolog)
Onset: 5-10min Peak: 1-3 hrs Duration: 4 hrs
166
Onset, Peak, and Duration of lispro (Humalog)
Onset: 15 min Peak: 1 hr Duration: 4 hours
167
Onset, Peak, Duration of Regular insulin
Onset: 30 min Peak: 2-4 hours Duration: 8 hours
168
Onset, Peak, and Duration of NPH
Onset: 2 hours Peak: 8-10 hours Duration: 12 hours
169
Onset, Peak, and Duration glargine (Lantus)
Onset: 1 hour Peak: 2-23 hours Duration: 24 hours
170
Onset, Peak, and Duration Levemir
Onset: 1-2 hours Peak: 3-9 hours Duration: 17-23 hours
171
Onset, Peak, and Duration Novolin 70/30 (N/R)
Onset: 30 min Peak: 2-12 hours Duration: 24 hours
172
Oral hypoglycemics
Sulfonylureas (SU), Biguanides, Meglitinides (ends in glinide), Alpha-glucose inhibitors
173
What is the prototype of sulfonylureas (SU)
glyburide (2nd gen, Micronase, Diabeta)
174
Other drugs in the same class as glyburide (2nd gen, Micronase, Diabeta)
glipizide (2nd gen, Glucotrol) chlorpropamide (1st gen, Diabenese) tolbutamide (1st gen, Orinase)
175
Mechanism of action of glyburide (2nd gen, Micronase, Diabeta)
Stimulate beta cells to secrete insulin (secretagogue) Decrease glycogenolysis & decrease glycogenesis in liver = decrease glucose Increase insulin sensitivity (sensitizer)
176
Adverse effects of glyburide (2nd gen., Micronase, Diabeta)
``` hypoglycemia cholestasis (bile obstruction) hyponatremia weight gain Skin rash GI upset hemolytic anemia Liver damage and jaundice with LT use ```
177
Contraindications of glyburide (2nd gen, Micronase, Diabeta)
PG: Category C | pts w/sulfa allergies
178
Cautions with glyburide (2nd gen, Micronase, Diabeta)
Renal and hepatic disease pts.
179
Drug interactions with glyburide
Avoid ETOH = extreme flushing, hypoglycemia, Increased half time, nausea and palpations. Avoid alternative tx, supplements and herbals = hypoglycemia
180
Education with glyburide
Take in AM | Take 3-60 min before meals
181
True or false: Need a good functioning liver to take glyberide
True because glyburide works in the liver
182
What is the prototype drug for Biguanides?
metformin (Glucophage)
183
What other drugs are in the same class as metformin?
``` None. Only drug in its class First drug of choice for newly dx. Type 2 overweight pts. ```
184
Mechanism of action of metformin
Sensitizer, No insulin secretion Decrease hepatic glucose production Decrease intestinal glucose absorption Insulin must be present in able to work (must have good functioning pancreas
185
Absorption of metformin
orally, slow bioavailability 50-60% food delays abosorption
186
Onset of metformin
Peak: 2-3 hours
187
Metabolism of metformin:
does not undergo hepatic metab (safer for liver patients)
188
Excretion of metformin
Excreted unchanged by kidneys
189
Adverse effects of metformin
lactic acidosis (hold before/after dye procedures) anorexia metalic taste
190
Contraindications of metformin
``` renal patients (monitor BUN/Creat) liver patients alcoholics acute/chronic metabolism acidosis CHF kids <10 yo ```
191
Drug interactions with metformin
cimetidine (Tagamet) digoxin (Lanoxin) procainamide vanco: all increase metformin concentration d/t competition for renal tubular secretion Iodine contrast materials: increase lactic acidosis Herbals: increase hypoglycemia
192
Education about metformin
takes a wekk or more to see effects usually given with means not associated with hypoglycemia at therapeutic doses (not secretagogue)
193
Other effects of metformin
decrease total cholesterol, LDL & TGL | possible weight loss
194
What is the drug prototype for Meglitinides?
repaglinide (Prandin)
195
Other drugs in the same class as repaglinide (Prandin)
-all end in -glinide) nateglinide (Starlix) 1st choice for newly dx non-obese type 2 patients
196
Mechanism of action of repaglinide (Prandin)
stimulate secretion of insulin (secretagogue) | used to lower postprandial glucose levels
197
Absorption of repaglinide (Prandin)
absorbed rapidly and works rapidly | quick insulin burst
198
Onset of repaglinide (Prandin)
Onset: 20 min Peak: 1 hr
199
Excretion of repaglinide (Prandin)
minimal in kidneys (Prandin ok for renal patients)
200
Education for repaglinide (Prandin)
Take with meals (30-60 min before) Can skip dose if mean skipped Can add dose if meal added
201
Drug prototype for Alpha-glucose inhibitors
acarbose (Precose)
202
Other drugs in the same class as acarbose (Precose)
miglitol (Glyset)
203
Mechanism of action of acarbose (Precose)
``` do not secrete or sensitize inhibit glucosidase (enzyme in GI that breaks down carbs into sugar) in small intestine delayed absorption of carbs Decrease post prandial glucose ```
204
Adverse effects of acarbose (Precose)
flatulance diarrhea, abd pain and bloating Increase hepatic enzymes w/ acarcose (Precose)
205
Contraindications for acarbose (Precose)
children <18 yo hiatal hernias (Increase pressure w/ bloating digestive (GI/Colon) disease
206
Education for acarbose (Precose)
administer with 1st bite of meal | full effects at 2-3 mo
207
True or false: Can't use candy tablets for hypoglycemia because they wont be absorbed with acarbose (Precose)
True

Pharm (11 decks)

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