Exam 2 SE

Question 1

SE: akathesia

Answer 1

schizophrenia/anti-psychotics (inhibit dopamenergic neurons)

Question 2

SE: allergic reactions/hypersentitivity

Answer 2

ester LAs (inhibit NE reuptake)L DOPA + carbidopa?

Question 3

SE: anti-emetic

Answer 3

propofol (GA, activate GABA receptor)cannabinoids (binds cannabinoid receptor)

Question 4

SE: anti-tussive

Answer 4

codeine (partial opiate agonist)

Question 5

SE: constipation

Answer 5

opiods

Question 6

SE: dissociated amnesia

Answer 6

ketamine (GA, inhibit glutamate receptor)

Question 7

SE: dystonia

Answer 7

schizophrenia/anti-psychotics (inhibit dopamenergic neurons)

Question 8

SE: fetal damage

Answer 8

sodium valproate (inc GABA synthesis and dec GABA breakdown)

Question 9

SE: fetal hydantoin syndrome

Answer 9

phenytoin (inhibits Na+ channels in brain)

Question 10

SE: low birth weight

Answer 10

cocaine (prevents reuptake of NE, 5HT, DA)

Question 11

SE: gingival hyperplasia

Answer 11

phenytoin (inhibits Na+ channels in brain)

Question 12

SE: glaucoma

Answer 12

LDOPA + carbidopa (precursor of DA + DOPA decarboxylase inhibitior)

Question 13

SE: hallucinations

Answer 13

ketamineParkinson’s drugscocaine (prevents reuptake of NE, 5HT, DA)MAO inhibitors (a-d, inhibit NE, 5HT metabolism)ie tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid

Question 14

SE: hepatitis

Answer 14

dantrolene (LA, inhibits Ca++ release from muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum)sodium valproate (inc GABA synthesis and dec GABA breakdown)

Question 15

SE: hypertesive crisis

Answer 15

MAO inhibitors (a-d, inhibit NE, 5HT metabolism)ie tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid

Question 16

SE: (postural) hypotension

Answer 16

L DOPA + carbidopa (precursor of DA + DOPA decarboxylase inhibitior)dopamine agonistsschizophrenia/anti-psychotics (inhibit dopamenergic neurons)MAO inhibitors (a-d, inhibit NE, 5HT metabolism)ie tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid

Question 17

SE: hypothyroidism

Answer 17

lithium (manic, dec NE release)

Question 18

SE: insomnia

Answer 18

selegiline –> methanphetamine (inihbit MAO)

Question 19

SE: leukemia

Answer 19

nitrous oxide (GA, activate GABAergic, inhibit gluaminergic)

Question 20

SE: liver disease

Answer 20

“flurane”s = hydrogenated hydrocarbons (GA, activate GABAergic, inhibit gluaminergic) MAO inhibitors (a-d, inhibit NE, 5HT metabolism)ie tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid

Question 21

SE: lupus-like syndrome

Answer 21

procainamide (amino acid LA)

Question 22

SE: malignant hyperthermia

Answer 22

“flurane”s = hydrogenated hydrocarbons (treat with dantrolene) (GA, activate GABAergic, inhibit gluaminergic)

Question 23

SE: “manic”-like disorders

Answer 23

dopamine agoinsts

Question 24

SE: neurotic malignant syndrome

Answer 24

discontinuation of LDOPA + carbidopa (precursor of DA + DOPA decarboxylase inhibitior)schizophrenia/anti-psychotics (inhibit dopamenergic neurons)

Question 25

SE: nystagmus

Answer 25

lithium (manic, dec NE release)

Question 26

SE: Parkinson's-like symptoms

Answer 26

schizophrenia/anti-psychotics (inhibit dopamenergic neurons)

Question 27

SE: pupil constriction

Answer 27

opiods (not with meperidine)

Question 28

SE: renal failure

Answer 28

1st generation anti-depressants (tricyclic) (inhibit NE reuptke)ie imipramine, amitriptyline

Question 29

SE: sleep "attacks"

Answer 29

dopamine agonists

Question 30

SE: sleep driving, izarre behavior, hallucinations/nightmares, dec inhibitions

Answer 30

non-benzodiazepine hypnotics "z" drugs(bind alpha subunit of benzo receptor)ie zolpidem, zalepion, eszopiclone

Question 31

SE: spina bifida

Answer 31

carbamazepine (anti-epileptic, inhibit Na+ channels)

Question 32

SE: Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Answer 32

phenytoin (inhibits Na+ channels in brain)

Question 33

SE: tardive dyskinesia

Answer 33

schizophrenia/anti-psychotics (inhibit dopamenergic neurons)

Question 34

SE: tinnitus

Answer 34

LAs

Question 35

SE: urticaria

Answer 35

cocaine (prevents reuptake of NE, 5HT, DA)

Question 36

Treats: ADD

Answer 36

amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate (inc release of DA + NE)

Question 37

Treats: benzodiazepine overdose

Answer 37

flumazenil (benzo receptor blocker)

Question 38

Treats: cardiac arrhythmia

Answer 38

procainamide, lidocaine (amino acid LAs)

Question 39

Treats: epilepsy

Answer 39

barbiturates, "ital"s (enhance action of GABA)

Question 40

Treats: glaucoma

Answer 40

cannabinoids (bind cannabinoid receptor)

Question 41

Treats: heroine overdose

Answer 41

opiate antagonists (bind and block opiate receptor)ie naloxone, naltrexone, methylnaltrexone

Question 42

Treats: malignant hyperthermia

Answer 42

dantrolene (LA, inhibits Ca++ release from muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum)

Question 43

Treats: methanol poisoning

Answer 43

fomepizole (inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase)

Question 44

Treats: narcolepsy

Answer 44

amphetamine, methamphetamine, metylphenidate (inc release of DA + NE)

Question 45

Treats: nicotine addiction

Answer 45

varenicline (partial nicotinic agonist)

Question 46

Treats: restless leg syndrome

Answer 46

pramipexole, ropinirole (DA agonists)

Question 47

Treats: Tourettes, hiccups, OCD, stuttering, migranes

Answer 47

schizophrenia/anti-psychotics (inhibit dopamenergic neurons)

Question 48

1st pass metabolism

Answer 48

flumazenil (benzo receptor blocker)rotigotine (dopamine agonist, patch)morphine (natural opiate agonist)

Question 49

contra-indicated with ethanol

Answer 49

benzodiazepines (activate benzo receptor sites)barbiturates "ital"s (enhance action of GABA)"-melteon"s (melatonin receptor agonist)schizophrenia/anti-psychotics (inhibit dopamenergic neurons)

Question 50

contra-indicated with indirect acting amines (ie tyramine)

Answer 50

MAO inhibitors (a-d, inhibit NE, 5HT metabolism)ie tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid

Question 51

P450

Answer 51

amino acid LAscarbamazepine (inhibits Na+ channels)phenobarbital (activates GABAergic neurons)2nd genreation antidepressants (SSRIs)