Exam 2 Side Effects

Question 1

Bradycardia, PVC, dysrhythmia, N/V, headache, blurred vision, visual illusions (white, green, yellow halos around objects), confusion, delirium

Answer 1

Digitalis Toxicity

Question 2

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, pulmonary edema, N/V

Answer 2

Mannitol (Osmitrol) - Osmotic Diuretic

Question 3

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, N/V, anorexia, confusion, *orthostatic hypotension

Answer 3

Acetazolamide (Diamox) - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Question 4

Adverse Reactions: hemolytic anmeia, cryalluria, renal calculi

Answer 4

Acetazolamide (Diamox) - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Question 5

Intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth

Answer 5

Cigarette Smoking and pregnancy

Question 6

Neurocognitive delay, miscarriage

Answer 6

Alcohol and pregnancy

Question 7

Abdominal pain, chest pain/SOB, headache/dizziness/weakness/numbness/speech difficulties, eye disorders, severe leg pain or swelling

Answer 7

ACHES - side effects of Oral Contraceptives

Question 8

Thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, MI, CVA, retinal thrombosis

Answer 8

Rare side effects of Oral Contraceptives

Question 9

H/A, flushing, nasal congestion, diarrhea, dyspepsia (GI distress)

Answer 9

Sildenalfil (Viagra) - phosphodiestrase reuptake inhibitor

Question 10

Blurred vision, photosensitivity, changes in color perception (blue and green especially), urinary tract symptoms - frequency, dysuria, cloudy urine

Answer 10

Rare side effects of phosphodiestrase reuptake inhibitors

Question 11

Hypersensitivity (rash, anaphylaxis), N/V, diarrhea

Answer 11

Penicillin

Question 12

May cross blood brain barrier

Answer 12

Cefepime - 4th generation Cephalosporin

Question 13

Hypersensitivity, N/V, diarrhea, alterations in blood clotting with large doses, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, nephrotoxicity

Answer 13

Cephalosporin

Question 14

Flushing, dizziness, headache, N/V

Answer 14

Cephalosporin + alcohol

Question 15

GI distress, tinnitus, ototoxicity, superinfection, hepatotoxicity

Answer 15

Macrolides (Azizthromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin)

Question 16

Red Neck/Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ototoxicity, blood dyscrasias, irritation to vein

Answer 16

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Question 17

Continuous use results in bacterial resistance

Answer 17

Tetracycline (Sumycin)

Question 18

Very irritating to gastric mucosa (N/V, diarrhea, flatulence, epigastric distress, abdominal discomfort, heartburn), rash, pruritius, *photosensitivity, H/A, *teratogenic, *discoloration of teeth in children under 8 yrs

Answer 18

Tetracycline (Sumycin)

Question 19

Cannot be absorbed from GI tract

Answer 19

Aminoglycosides

Question 20

Rash, numbness, tremors, muscle cramps or weakness, visual disturbances, photosensitivity, skin sensitivity, tinnitus

Answer 20

Gentamicin (Garamycin) - Aminoglycosides

Question 21

Oliguria, anuria, palpitations, superinfection, ototoxicity, life threatening (nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, neuromuscular blocakde, liver damage)

Answer 21

Adverse reactions of Gentamicin (Garamycin)

Question 22

Increased risk for ototoxicity with loop diuretics

Answer 22

Gentamicin

Question 23

Increased risk for neprhotoxicity with amphotericin B, polymyxin, cisplatin, furosemide, vancomycin

Answer 23

Gentamicin

Question 24

Should be taken on empty stomach

Answer 24

Penicillin

Question 25

Increases serum levels of Carbamezapine, theophylline, warfarin (Coumadin)

Answer 25

Macrolides

Question 26

Increased with Fluconazole, Ketoconazole

Answer 26

Erythromycin

Question 27

Risk for sudden cardiac death

Answer 27

Erythromycin + fluconazole, ketoconazole

Question 28

Reduced levels by antacids

Answer 28

Azithromycin

Question 29

N/V, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, flatulence, H/A, dizziness, fatigue, restlessness, insomnia, rash, flushing, photosensitivity, tinnitus

Answer 29

Levofloxacin (Levaquin) - Fluoroquinolone

Question 30

Increased effects with oral hypoglycemics and theophylline

Answer 30

Levofloxacin/Fluoroquinolone

Question 31

Decreased absorption with antacids and iron

Answer 31

Levofloxacin/Fluoroquinolone

Question 32

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, encephalopathy, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis (C. Diff), dysrhythmia

Answer 32

Adverse Reactions to Levofloxacin/Fluroquinolones

Question 33

Hypo/HTN, anemia, numbness, tingling, dizziness, insomnia, pain/burning on urination, N/V

Answer 33

Daptomycin (Cubicin) - Lipopeptides

Question 34

Elevated creatinine kinase (rhabdomyolysis) especially with statins, unexplained myopathy, neuropathy, hypo/hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, pleural effusion

Answer 34

Adverse Reactions to Daptomycin/Lipopeptides

Question 35

Toxicity with tobramycin

Answer 35

Daptomycin (Cubicin)

Question 36

Increased bleeding with coumadin

Answer 36

Daptomycin (Cubicin)

Question 37

N/V, diarrhea, H/A, lethargy, tremors, rash, pruritus, increased bleeding time, phlebitis at IV site

Answer 37

Acyclovir Sodium (Zovirax) - anti-viral

Question 38

Uticaria, anemia, life threatening (nephrotoxicity, bone marrow depression, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, acute renal failure

Answer 38

Adverse Reactions - Acyclovir Sodium (Zovirax)

Question 39

Dizziness, H/A, confusion, depression, irritability, weakness, insomnia

Answer 39

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Question 40

Darkens urine with high doses

Answer 40

Metronidazole

Question 41

Disulfram type reaction - Flushing, sweating, H/A, slurred speech

Answer 41

Metronidazole + alcohol

Question 42

Should be avoided during first trimester of pregnancy

Answer 42

Metronidazole