Exam 2: Skin and Wounds-- Fungal and Protozoan

Question 1

Mycoses are diseases caused by what type of pathogen?

Answer 1

Fungus

Question 2

T/F. Most mycoses are contagious

Answer 2

False–most mycoses are NOT contagious; but there are some exceptions

Question 3

T/F. Most mycoses are opportunistic.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What disease has hard, black, irregular nodules on the hair shaft?

Answer 4

Black Piedra (fungal inf)

Question 5

What is Piedra? What are the two types of Piedra?

Answer 5

irregular nodules on the hair shaft–a fungal inf.

1. Black Piedra
2. White Piedra

Question 6

What organism causes Black Piedra?

Answer 6

Piedraia hortae

fungal inf.

Question 7

What disease is characterized by soft, grayish-white irregular nodules on the hair shaft?

Answer 7

White piedra (fungal inf)

Question 8

What organism causes white piedra?

Answer 8

Trichosporon beiglii

fungal inf.

Question 9

What is the mode of transmission for Piedra?

Answer 9

opportunistic–often through shared hair brushes and combs

person to person contact or env. exposure

Question 10

How is Piedra treated?

Answer 10

treated by shaving infected hair

Question 11

What are the two superficial mycoses of the skin that we are discussing?

Answer 11

1. Piedra (Black and White)

2. Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor

Question 12

What does Tinea mean?

Answer 12

superficial fungal inf.

Question 13

What is characterized by hypo- or hyper-pigmented patches of scaly skin, typically on trunk, shoulders, and arms (rarely on face and neck)?

Answer 13

Pityriasis versicolor

or called Tinea versicolor

Question 14

What organism causes Pityriasis versicolor/ TInea versicolor?

Answer 14

Malassezia furfur

fungal inf.

Question 15

What is the mode of transmission for Pityriasis versicolor/Tinea versiclor?

Answer 15

opportunistic pathogen

person to person or env. exposure–> some ass. with tanning beds

Question 16

What is characteristic to how Pityriasis versicolor/Tinea versicolor is diagnosed? How is it Tx?

Answer 16

by a green color under UV light

Tx with topical or oral drugs

Question 17

How long do the hypo- or hyper-pigmentation caused by Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor, take to return to normal?

Answer 17

takes months to return to normal

Question 18

What is the only cutaneous mycoses infections of our focus?

Answer 18

Dermatophytoses (aka “Ringworm”)

Question 19

What are dermatophytoses?

Answer 19

cutaneous infections caused by dermatophytes (specific grouping of fungi)

–previous called “ringworm”

Question 20

What were Dermatophytoses previously called?

Answer 20

“ringworm”– even though NO worms are involved!!!

Question 21

How are dermatophytoses transferred?

Answer 21

b/w people via fomites or direct contact

Question 22

What are the 5 different manifestations/diseases of Dermatophytoses?

Answer 22

1. Tinea pedis (“athletes foot”)
2. Tinea cruris (“jock itch”)
3. Tinea corporis (trunk)
4. Tinea capitis (head)
5. Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)

Question 23

What are the three genus names we should know that are responsible for dermatophytoses infections?

Answer 23

1. Epidermophyton
2. Microsporum
3. Trichophyton

Question 24

What are the characteristic signs of dermatophytoses infections?

Answer 24

red raised lesions, scaly, flaky, and itchy

nails involved–> white/yellow thickening of nails

Question 25

Which disease of dermatophytosis is often most difficult to treat?

Answer 25

Tinea unguium "onychomycosis" | -- under the nails

Question 26

What is the nickname for/where is it found: 1. Tinea pedis 2. Tinea cruris 3. Tinea corporis 4. Tinea capitis 5. Tinea unguium

Answer 26

1. athletes foot 2. jock itch (groin) 3. trunk 4. head 5. onychomycosis (nails)

Question 27

What is the only mycoses that we are discussing that requires an open wound to infect us?

Answer 27

Sporotrichosis - Cutaneous or - Lymphocutaneous aka Rose-gardener's disease

Question 28

What are the two types of Sporotrichosis?

Answer 28

1. Cutaneous sporotrichosis (MC) | 2. Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Question 29

What organism causes Sporotrichosis?

Answer 29

Sporothrix schenckii fungal inf.

Question 30

How does one typically get Sporotrichosis?

Answer 30

opportunistic pathogen - introduced by thorn prick or wood splinters (reservoir is soil) hence why called "rose- gardener's disease"

Question 31

How does Cutaneous sporotrichosis manifest?

Answer 31

produces nodular lesions around the infection site

Question 32

How does Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis manifest?

Answer 32

secondary lesions occur on the skin along the course of lymphatic vessels

Question 33

Which is MC, Cutaneous sporotrichosis or Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?

Answer 33

Cutaneous sporotrichosis

Question 34

What is the only Protozoan diseases of the skin that we are talking about?

Answer 34

Leishmaniasis

Question 35

What are the three types of Leishmaniasis?

Answer 35

1. Cutaneous (MC) 2. Mucocutaneous 3. Visceral

Question 36

What is the MC type of Leishmaniasis?

Answer 36

Cutaneous--> aka "Baghdad Boil"

Question 37

How does the Cutaneous form of Leishmaniasis manifest?

Answer 37

"Baghdad Boil"--> produces large painless skin lesions emerging disease seen in deployed military personnel

Question 38

What type of Leishmaniasis creates skin lesions that enlarge to encompass mucous membranes, and is painless?

Answer 38

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 39

What is another name/nickname for Visceral Leishmaniasis?

Answer 39

"Kala azar"

Question 40

What is the 2nd MC parasitic/protozoan killer in the world?

Answer 40

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Question 41

What is the most dangerous type of Leishmaniasis? What is is characterized by?

Answer 41

Visceral Leishmaniasis - parasite is spread by macrophages throughout body

Question 42

What organism causes Leishmaniasis?

Answer 42

``` Leishmania species (L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. tropica) ```

Question 43

What type of pathogen causes Leishmaniassis?

Answer 43

Protozoan

Question 44

Where are Leishmaniasis endemics located?

Answer 44

tropics and subtropics (need sand)

Question 45

What is the reservoir for Leishmaniassis? What is the vector?

Answer 45

``` Reservoir = dogs vector = sand flies ```

Question 46

T/F. Most cases of Leishmaniasis heal without treatment.

Answer 46

True --looks bad, but is painless

Question 47

What is the only skin ass. parasitic infestation we are focusing on?

Answer 47

Scabies

Question 48

What pathogen causes Scabies?

Answer 48

the mite Sarcoptes scabiei | NOT a microbe

Question 49

What skin disease is characterized by intense itching and rash of small, red, LINEAR bumps at infection site?

Answer 49

scabies (parasite)

Question 50

With what disease may you see characteristic "burrows" or "tunnels" on the skin?

Answer 50

Scabies

Question 51

What is the mode of transmission for scabies?

Answer 51

prolonged bodily contact (therefore spread in families well)

Question 52

How is scabies treated?

Answer 52

mite-killing lotions antihistamines for itching