Exam 2 Slideshow 2 Sept. 30th

Question 1

Common Exercise Test Protocols Treadmill - 4

Answer 1

• Balke and Ware
• Standard Bruce
• Modified Bruce
• Naughton

Question 2

VO2max =

What happens to the graph when it reaches VO2max =

Answer 2

maximal oxegen uptake

Plateau

Question 3

The Oxygen Transport System factors that affect VO2max are (in order)

Answer 3

Pulmonary ventilation, Hemoglobin
concentration, blood volume and cardiac output, Peripheral blood flow, Aerobic metabolism

Question 4

VO2 Peak is

Answer 4

Highest O2 consumption during exercise test regardless of whether a plateau is reached

Question 5

What is the units of Absolute Vo2?

What does Absolute Vo2 measure?

Answer 5

Measure in L/min or ml/min

■ Provide a measure of “energy cost of non-weight-bearing exercises.”

Question 6

What are the units for Relative Vo2?

What kind of exercises is Relative Vo2 for?

Answer 6

Relative to body mass: ml/kg/min

■ Always for weight-bearing exercises

Question 7

● Net vs. Gross Vo2

Answer 7

○ Gross Vo2
■ Rest + Exercise O2 consumption

○ Net Vo2
■ O2 consumption of exercise only

Question 8

What is the primary criteria needs to be met to attain a Primary Vo2 max?

Answer 8

■ Plateau in o2 consumption
■ Vo2 increases ≤ 150 ml/min
■ Verified by bout at submaximal load

Question 9

What is the Secondary Vo2 max attainment criteria?

Answer 9

● HR fails to rise with increasing workload
● RPE> 17 borg 6-20 Scale
● Blood Lactate > 8 mmol/L
● RER> 1.15

Question 10

Procedures for Exercise Testing

Answer 10

• Timely delivery of protest guidelines
• Informed consent and screening procedure - Baseline hemodynamic assessment
• Familiarization with RPE Scale
• Warm-up
• Monitor RPE and hemodynamics throughout the test and recovery
• Monitor client’s physical appearance and symptoms
• Cool down

Question 11

Five Reasons to Terminate an Exercise Test

Answer 11

• End protocol
• Equipment malfunction
• Client asks to stop
• Signs or symptoms indicating need to stop
• Reached predetermined endpoint (submaximal Vo2 test)

Question 12

Do we need to know these??????

General Indications for Termination

Answer 12

• Onset of angina or angina-like symptoms
• Drop of BP more than or equal to 10mmHg
• Excessive rise in BP- Systolic >250 and Diastolic pressure > 115 mmHg
• Shortness of Breath, wheezing, leg cramps, Claudication
• Signs of poor perfusion
• Failure of HR to rise with increased exercise intensity
• Noticeable change in heart rhythm
• Client Request to stop
• Physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue
• Failure of the testing equipment

Question 13

Naughton Protocols

How does it increase?

Answer 13

Increases 3.5% every 2 min

Question 14

To be able to use eqautions on charts with grade and all that the test must be at

Answer 14

Steady state

Question 15

Cadence is

Answer 15

Revolutions per minute

Question 16

Testing with Cycle Ergometers

Before the Test (In Advance) -

Afterward -

Answer 16

In advance -
- Check calibration
- Know cadence & resistance
requirements (especially changes)
- Establish warm-up and cool-down
requirements
- Set proper seat height & handlebars

Afterward -
- Unload any resistance on flywheel

Power = F v = F (d/t) = load (kg) x flywheel “travel” (m/rev) x cadence (rev/min)

Question 17

Power is the

Units?

Answer 17

rate of doing work

Power = Kg m/min

Question 18

Units for Power for a Cycle Erogmeter is

Answer 18

Power = Kg m/min

For Steady State ONLY

Question 19

Bench Stepping Maximal Exercise Tests is the……

and why

Answer 19

• Least desirable modality for
  max exercise testing

This is why:

• Unequal distribution of work
• Hard to standardize workload; differences in the following:
  - Step height; Stepping cadence;
  - Body mass; Leg length

Question 20

Concentric Muscle action takes more

Answer 20

muscle action than eccentric muscle action

Question 21

Bench Stepping Maximal Exercise Tests

increase intensity with

Answer 21

• Faster stepping cadence
• Increased step height

Question 22

Submaximal Exercise Test Protocols are used to……..

Answer 22

estimate VO2max

HR max determination is important:

HR-based extrapolation to
APHR (Age predicted Heart Rate Max) max and VO 2max

Extrapolate

Question 23

IMPORTANT
Submaximal Exercise Test Protocol Assumptions

Answer 23

Assumptions:

1. Steady-state HR attained and maintained at each stage
2. Linear relationship: HR and VO2 (between 110 and 150 bpm)
3. Mechanical efficiency constant for everyone (output/input)
4. HR max is similar for all of same age

HRmax determination is important because;
HR-based extrapolation to APHRmax and Vo2 max

Question 24

Ask him what they are measuring???

A Note on RPE

Standard (Borg)

OMNI

Answer 24

Know what each are measuring and all that
Standard (Borg): Has to do with heart rate
Scales: 6(no exertion)-20(max exertion) & 0-10

OMNI: Walking, Running and Biking
Scale: 0-10, pictures discriptors

Question 25

Treadmill Sub-maximal Exercise Tests Stages - 2

Answer 25

1) Multistage Model 2) Single-stage model

Question 26

Treadmill Sub-maximal Exercise Tests First Stage 1) Multistage Model

Answer 26

- Need two stages with HR 115 - 150 bpm determine slope and extrapolate to APHrmax Need two consecutive stages. Determine slope and extrapolate to APHR max

Question 27

Treadmill Sub-maximal Exercise Tests Second Stage 2) Single-stage mode

Answer 27

Single-stage model Need one stage with HR 130 – 150 bpm Need one stage with steady-state Nomograms

Question 28

Cycling Sub-maximal Exercise Test for Multistage Model and Single Stage Model

Answer 28

Multistage model - Need two consecutive stages with steady-state HRs between 110 bpm and 85% APHRmax Single-stage model - Need one stage with steady-state HR between 130 and 150 bpm Nomograms

Question 29

Exercise Testing for Children

Answer 29

Treadmill preferred to bike modified Balke treadmill protocol Mcmaster cycling protocol field tests

Question 30

Exercise Testing for Older Adults

Answer 30

Modify protocols Extend warm-up and cool-down Extend stage for steady state Field tests Self-paced stepping Timed walking or stepping Set initial intensity to 2-3 Mets Reduce treadmill speed Use 8-12 min for total test time

Question 31

Five basic Elements of an Exercise Prescription

Answer 31

When we combined the middle three we come up with VOLUME Mode Intensity Frequency Duration Progression

Question 32

Parts of Cardiorespiratory Workout - Warm up

Answer 32

- 5-10 min - Low to moderate intensity - Increase blood flow - Increase core temperature - Decrease likelihood of Injury - Reduce chance of cardiac arrhythmias

Question 33

Parts of Cardiorespiratory Workout - Endurance Conditioning Follow FITT-VP Principles

Answer 33

Difference between Max and Rest F = Frequency I = Intensity T= Time T= Type V = Volume P = Progression 20 - 60 min per session - Depends on session Minimum single bout duration= 10 min continuous Accumulate 30 min MIPA per day 20 min VIPA per day

Question 34

Parts of Cardiorespiratory Workout - Cool Down

Answer 34

- Immediatley follows endurance conditioning - Low intensity exertion 5-10 min - HR and BP return to near pre - exercise levels - Maintains venous return to heart - Prevents blood pooling - Counters post - exercise dizziness and fainting

Question 35

Parts of Cardiorespiratory Workout - Stretching

Answer 35

- 5-10 min - Target Major muscle groups - May reduce soreness and cramping

Question 36

Parts of Cardiorespiratory Workout Components -

Answer 36

Warm - up Endurance Conditioning Cool - Down Stretching

Question 37

For Health and Fitness - Frequnecy

Answer 37

5 days/wk MIPA, 3 days/wk VIPA, or combination thereof

Question 38

For Health and Fitness - Intensity

Answer 38

* MIPA (3-6 MET; 40% to < 60% VO 2 R), VIPA (>6 MET; 60% to < 89% VO 2 R), or combination thereof * %HRR may be used instead of %VO2 R

Question 39

For Health and Fitness - Time (Duration)

Answer 39

* ≥150 min/wk MIPA, 20-60 min/wk VIPA, or combination thereof

Question 40

For Health and Fitness - Type (Mode)

Answer 40

* Aerobic, large muscle groups * Rhythmic action * Little skill required

Question 41

For Health and Fitness - Progression and Volume

Answer 41

Progression * Increase per client ability to adapt Volume * 500-1,000 MET∙min∙wk–1

Question 42

Setting Initial Exercise Intensity

Answer 42

To Improve CRF: 55% of reserve to 80% VO2R or HRR MOREEEEEEE

Question 43

KNOW WELL Progression Exercise Overview (Steps)

Answer 43

Need to challenge the body to keep adapting 1) Initial conditioning (1-6 weeks) Start MIPA at 3 days/wk, 20 min going to 30 min VERY IMPORTANT Goal: 55%-60%HRR for 30 continuous min 2) Improvement (4-6 months) Frequency, Intensity, Duration adjusted independently Goal: Sustain MVPA 20 to 60 min per session 3) Maintenance Goal: maintain fitness level and weekly volume