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CH3310: Biochemistry I > Exam 2 SP2022 > Flashcards

Exam 2 SP2022 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which one of the following is NOT among the six internationally accepted classes of enzyme categories?

A

Kinases

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2
Q

Which of the following is correct concerning 2,3-BPG

A

1 BPG interacts with hemoglobin

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3
Q

The Bohr effect can be best described as

A

Shift to acidic pH stabilizing salt bridges in hemoglobin

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4
Q

Myoglobin has a Hill Coefficient (nH) of ____ at very high O2 levels, meaning it lacks cooperativity at this condition.

A

1

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5
Q

Which of the following is true about hemoglobin when it is traveling from TISSUE to LUNGS

A

CO2 is attached

2,3-BPG is bound

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6
Q

Enzymes are potent catalysts because they

A

bind best to the transition state

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7
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a plot of V0 vs. {S} for an enzyme that is at steady-state?

A

[S] at which Vmax = 1/2 V0 equal to Km.

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8
Q

The steady-state assumption, as applied to enzyme kinetics, implies

A

Rate of formation of ES complex is equal to the rate of breakdown of the ES complex

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9
Q

How are kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed rxn affected by a noncompetitive inhibitor

A

Vmax decreased, Km unchanged

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10
Q

In mixed inhibition, an inhibitor

A

binds only to an allosteric site of an enzyme

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11
Q

Which of the following peptides will be cut apart by chymotrypsin at the indicated position (I)? Assume the N-terminus is on the left side for all peptides/

A

AGCTYIAAGV

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12
Q

Bacteria produce the enzyme ___________; this enzyme reactions with __________

A

B-lactamase; penicillin

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13
Q

Amylopectin contains _______ glycosidic bonds with _______ glycosidic branch points

A

A (1-4); a(1-6)

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14
Q

Any sugar that has a free ketone group is called a(n)

A

Reducing sugar, ketose

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15
Q

Which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose

A

dihydroxyacetone

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16
Q

When two carbs are epimers

A

They are diastereomers

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17
Q

When fructose is drawn in Haworth projection, a ______ forms at the anomeric carbon

A

hemiketal

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18
Q

Which of the following is heteropolysaccharide

A

hyaluronate

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19
Q

The structure of proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a

A

glycosaminoglycan

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20
Q

Glycosaminoglycans help form the ECM that helps lubricate and serve as a shock absorber for joints. Which of the following chemical properties of these molecules helps with this protective function?

A

Negative charged modified carbohydrates

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21
Q

In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate is attached through which of the following amino acid residues:

A

Serine, asparagine, or threonine

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22
Q

Which of the following is a dominant feature of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria?

A

lipopolysaccharides

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23
Q

Which of the following sugars would NOT be able to reduce Cu2+ to Cu+ during the Fehling test

A

sucrose

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24
Q

glycogen

A

mainly in the liver and storage form of glucose

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25
amylose
part of glucose storage in plants
26
Hyaluronate
Known as the goo molecule
27
agarose
microwaved in lab to get into solution
28
cellulose
B1-4 linked glucose polysaccharide
29
Peptidoglycan
B1-4 linked modified glucose connected to amino acids
30
Heparin
Links antithrombin to thrombin
31
What are the names of the 3 amino acids in chymotrypsin that are called the catalytic triad? Which one of these acts as a nucleophile to begin hydrolysis of the protein substrate?
Histidine Aspartate Serine (Nucleophile)
32
What are the six internationally accepted classes of enzymes?
1. Oxidoreductases - transfer electrons 2. transferases - group transfer 3. Hydrolases - hydrolysis 4. Lyases - elimination 5. Isomerase - transfer of groups yielding isomers 6. . Ligases - condensation
33
Enzymes are potent catalysts because they
Lower activation energy from the reactions they catalyze
34
T/F: S --> P, a catalyst shifts the reaction equilibrium to the right.
False
35
Describe the plot of V0 vs [S] for an enzyme that follows Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
As [S] increases, the initial velocity of reaction V0 also increases Km is [S] at which V0 = 1/2 Vmax The shape of the curve is a hyperbola The y-axis is a rate term with units um/min
36
In terms of enzyme kinetics, the steady-state assumption implies
The ES complex is formed and broken down at equivalent rates
37
In competitive inhibition, an inhibitor
binds reversibly at the active site
38
PMSF inactivated serine proteases by binding covalently to the catalytic serine residue at the active site; this enzyme-inhibitor bond is not cleaved by the enzyme. This is an example of what kind of inhibition?
Irreversible
39
Both water and glucose share an -OH that can serve as a substrate for a reaction with the terminal phosphate of ATP catalyzed by hexokinase. Glucose, however, is about a million times more reactive as a substrate than water. The best explanation is that:
Glucose has more --OH groups per molecule than water does.
40
A transition-state analog:
Resembles the transition-state structure of the normal enzyme-substrate complex.
41
Penicillin and related drugs inhibit the enzyme _______; this enzyme is produced by _________.
Transpeptidase; bacteria
42
The allosteric enzyme ATCase is regulated by CTP, which binds to the T-state of ATCase. CTP is a:
negative regulator.
43
How are the kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction affected by a purely noncompetitive inhibitor?
Vmax decreased, Km decreased
44
What must be true in order to say you are calculating steady-state kinetics?
[S] >> [E]
45
Amylopectin contains primarily ______ glycosidic bonds with _______ glycosidic bonds as branch points.
alpha (1-->4) ; alpha (1-->6)
46
Any sugar that has a free aldehyde group is called a(n)
Reducing Sugar
47
Which of the following monosaccharides is NOT an aldose
Dihydroxyacetone
48
When two carbohydrates are epimers
They differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom
49
When the linear form of glucose cyclizes, the product is a(n):
hemiacetal
50
Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide
agarose
51
The basic structure of a proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a
glycosaminoglycan
52
In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the amino acid residue
Asparagine, serine, or threonine
53
Which of the following is a dominant feature of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria?
Lipoproteins
54
How many bond(s) does Fe(II) form DIRECTLY with amino acid(s) in hemoglobin when O2 is bound?
1
55
Which of the following is NOT correct concerning 2,3 BPG
It is never found associated with hemoglobin extracted from healthy RBC
56
The Bohr effect can be best described as
reduced pH and increased CO2 stabilizing salt bridges in hemoglobin
57
Myoglobin has a Hill coefficient (nH) of ____, meaning it lacks cooperativity.
1
58
Which of the following is true about hemoglobin when it is in your veins traveling back to your lungs?
CO2 is attached | 2,3-BPG is bound
59
Is protease one of the six internationally accepted classes of enzymes?
No
60
Enzymes are potent catalysts because they
stabilize the transition state for the reactions they catalyze
61
T/F: Km specifically describes substrate affinity to an enzyme?
False
62
The steady-state assumption, as applied to enzyme kinetics, implies
Rate of formation of ES complex is equal to the rate of breakdown of the ES complex.
63
In non-competitive inhibition, an inhibitor:
binds ONLY to an allosteric site on the enzyme
64
Which of the following peptides will be cut apart by chymotrypsin at the indicated position (|)
AGCTF|AAGV
65
How are kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction affected by a purely competitive inhibitor?
Vmax unchanged, Km increased
66
Is fructose an aldose?
NO
67
When 2 carbohydrates are epimers"
they differ only in the stereochemistry around 1 carbon atom.
68
When the linear form of fructose cyclizes into its furanose form, the product is a(n):
hemiketal
69
Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide
agarose peptidoglycan glycosaminoglycans HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDES: Glycogen Starch (amylopectin) Cellulose
70
Glycosaminoglycans help form the ECM that helps lubricate and serve as a shock absorber for joints. Which of the following chemical properties of these molecules helps with this protective function?
Negatively charged modified carbs
71
In O-linked glycoproteins, the carbohydrates moiety is always attached through the amino acid residue(s)
Serine or threonine
72
Gram-negative bacteria can trigger an immune response in animals due to which component of their outer cell wall?
Lipopolysaccharides
73
Which of the following sugars would NOT be able to reduce Cu2+ to Cu+ in the Fehling test
Sucrose
74
Is chymotrypsin one of the six internationally accepted classes of enzymes?
No
75
Which of the following is true about hemoglobin BOTH when it is in your veins traveling from lungs to tissue and from tissue back to lungs
2,3-BPG is bound
76
How are the kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction affected by a purely noncompetitive inhibitor?
Vmax decreased, Km unchanged
77
In mixed inhibition, an inhibitor:
binds ONLY to an allosteric site on the enzyme
78
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be killed by including _______ with penicillin to inhibit _____.
clavulanic acid; B-lactamase
79
When 2 carbs are epimers
They are diastereomers
80
When the linear form of galactose cyclizes into its pyranose form, a _____ forms
hemiacetal
81
Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide
hyaluronate
82
What is the universal donor blood type?
OO
83
What sugar would NOT react in the Fehling test?
Sucrose
84
What is correct about 2,3-BPG
It is a negatively charged molecule that interacts with basic amino acids in hemoglobin?
85
The Bohr effect can be best described as
more acidic pH and increased CO2 stabilizing salt bridges in hemoglobin
86
Myoglobin has a Hill coefficient (nH) of
1 (lacks cooperativity)
87
Which of the following is true about hemoglobin when it is in your veins traveling from lungs to tissue?
O2 is bound | 2,3-BPG is bound
88
Penicillin and related drugs inhibit the enzyme _____; this enzyme is produced by ________.
Transpeptidase; bacteria cells
89
Is dihydroxyacetone an aldose?
No
90
When the linear form of glucose cyclizes into its pyranose form, a _____ forms
hemiacetal
91
The basic structure of a proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a
glycosaminoglycan
92
In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the amino acid residues:
asparagine, serine, or threonine
93
T/F: 1 BPG interacts with hemoglobin
True
94
Bacteria produce the enzyme: _______; this enzyme reacts with __________
B-lactamase; penicillin
95
Any sugar that has a free ketone group is called a(n)
Reducing sugar | Ketose
96
Is dihydroxyacetone an aldose?
No
97
When fructose is drawn in the Haworth projection, a ____ forms at the anomeric carbon
hemiketal
98
Is hyaluronate a homo- or heteropolysaccharide?
Heteropolysacchardie
99
The structure of proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a
glycosaminoglycan

CH3310: Biochemistry I (4 decks)

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