exam 2 study

Question 1

Mesophyll tissue in leaves is…

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary meristem?

Answer 2

vascular cambium

Question 3

What is unique about sieve elements?

Answer 3

they lack a nucleus

Question 4

Xylem tissue persists for the life of the tree while phloem tissue is regularly crushed after a couple of years.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

• How is xylem different than phloem? Describe at least three differences.

Answer 5

Xylem is dead, grows inside the cell, and stays with the plant for its entire life time while phloem is crushed after a while.

Question 6

• Describe the function of the following specialized tissues: xylem, phloem, vascular tissue, dermal tissue, ground tissues, apical meristem, secondary meristems

Answer 6

xylem : vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals

phloem : vascular tissue that conducts organic molecules

vascular tissue : are how the plant conducts water and nutrients through the plant

dermal tissue : forms epidermis which protects plant cells

ground tissue : every tissue that isn’t dermal/vascular tissue and is used for storage and physical support

apical meristem : shoots and roots

secondary meristem : thickness –> bark

Question 7

Xylem moves water and dissolved mineral nutrients from a source to a sink using positive pressure.

Answer 7

false

Question 8

What is the most correct way to describe how dissolved sugars move through the phloem?

Answer 8

source to sink

Question 9

Positive pressure in phloem is created when companion cells actively load what in to sieve tube members?

Answer 9

sucrose

Question 10

secondary phloem

Question 10

Xylem is different than phloem because

Answer 10

xylem is reinforced by decay-resistant lignin

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the main plant organs?

Answer 11

flowers

Question 12

Primary meristems

Answer 12

are located at the tipes (apices) of stems, branches and roots

Question 13

delete

Answer 13

delete

Question 14

• Describe the following specialized cells: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, secretory cells, trichomes

Answer 14

parenchyma : useful generic plant cell

collenchyma : adds structure to the plant

sclerenchyma : hard tissue that’s used to protect seeds

secretory cells : produces protective secondary compounds

trichomes : spiky hairs that protect from transpiration, herbivory, uv radiation, excessive light, extreme air temps, and attacks.

Question 15

Negative pressure in xylem is created by

Answer 15

transpiration

Question 16

delete

Answer 16

delete

Question 17

In a dicot stem, the xylem will always be

Answer 17

located towards the inside of the stem

Question 18

Who am I? I am cuboidal in shape, located inside leaves, loosely arranged to allow for diffusion of gases around me, and full of chlorophyll.

Answer 18

spongy parenchyma

Question 19

Which of the following is the width of a tree ring NOT correlated with?

Answer 19

tannin

Question 20

• How is a primary meristem different from a secondary meristem? What tissues are created by secondary meristems and which plants have secondary meristems?

Answer 20

Secondary meristems produce vascular tissues (secondary xylem and phloem) and are used to grow bark in trees.

Question 21

The transport of organic molecules through phloem is made possible by

Answer 21

the pressure created by water following an osmotic gradient

Question 22

Which of the following is not part of the periderm?

Answer 22

phloem

Question 23

Parenchyma

Answer 23

are able to divide and create more cells

Question 24

Select the correct hierarchy

Answer 24

cell > tissue > organ > organ system > organism

Question 25

Vascular bundles

Answer 25

include both xylem and phloem

Question 25

delete

Answer 25

delete

Question 26

delete

Answer 26

delete

Question 27

delete

Answer 27

delete

Question 28

* Describe the process that allows bamboo to grow incredibly fast.

Answer 28

Using water to expand their cells.

Question 29

What organ is responsible for absorbing water and mineral nutrients for the plant?

Answer 29

root

Question 30

Denitrification

Answer 30

occurs in water-logged (anoxic) soils

Question 31

Why do Rhizobium want to be in a symbiotic relationship with legumes?

Answer 31

they get food

Question 32

Wha am I? I block "stuff" from moving between the cells of the endodermis.

Answer 32

suberin

Question 33

The vascular tissue of the root is protected by the

Answer 33

A and C (casparian strip and endodermis)

Question 34

Root hairs

Answer 34

arise from epidermal cells

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the root cap?

Answer 35

reproduction

Question 36

What do Rhizobium do for legumes that is so beneficial?

Answer 36

convert nitrogen gas to ammonium

Question 37

Which of the following is true of grasses?

Answer 37

they have fibrous roots

Question 38

delete

Answer 38

delete

Question 39

Mychorrizal fungi can accurately be described as an extension of a plant’s root system.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Thew answer is mucigel. What is the question?

Answer 40

What is a slimy polysaccharide produced by roots?

Question 41

Molybdenum is an essential nutrient for plants

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Fibrous roots

Answer 42

arise from the stem

Question 43

What originates from the pericycle?

Answer 43

branch roots

Question 44

Which of the following cell types would NOT be found in a root?

Answer 44

palisade parenchyma

Question 45

Most of the world’s N is stored in the atmosphere in the form of N2

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The 17 elements that all plants require in order to grow and develop normally are known as:

Answer 46

essential elements

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a way in which nitrogen gas can be converted to a form that plants can use?

Answer 47

mychorrizae in the soil

Question 48

Root cells produce secondary compounds

Answer 48

true

Question 49

What component of soil accounts for the dark color seen in soil that is considered desirable for growing plants?

Answer 49

organic matter

Question 50

Mychorrizal fungi can accurately be described as pathogens.

Answer 50

false

Question 51

How can fungi help humans avoid a phosphorus shortage?

Answer 51

Fungal mycelium associate with the roots of crops, increase the surface area for phosphorus absorpotion, and release phosphorus bound in the soils.

Question 52

What type of cells are adjacent to the lower epidermis of a leaf?

Answer 52

spongy parenchyma

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT true of carnivorous plants?

Answer 53

they are unable to photosynthesize and need to eat insects for energy

Question 54

What are stomata built out of?

Answer 54

guard cells

Question 55

Why do guard cells take in K+?

Answer 55

to open the stoma

Question 56

Which of the following COULD be part of the epidermis?

Answer 56

prickles

Question 57

*How are the epidermis and mesophyll different in hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes?

Answer 57

Hydrophytes (aquatic) : epidermis : may be photosynthetic, waxy cuticle --> thin/absent stomata on both leaf surfaces mesophyll : lots of air space between mesophytes (moist) : epidermis : waxy cuticle --> protects leaf (stomata on underside of leaf) trichomes --> conserve water mesophyll : tighter palisade layer on top and loose spongy layer beneath --> dicots xerophytes (arid) : epidermis : thick waxy cuticle --> reduce water loss --> trichomes to reduce transpiration mesophyll : kranz anatomy for C4 pathway (wreath arranged)

Question 58

*Describe the function of trichomes.

Answer 58

The trichomes makes sure that the air next to the leaf isn't moving too fast and with this it slows down evaporation.

Question 59

Which plant hormone is released to trigger a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) immune response?

Answer 59

Jasmonic acid

Question 60

__________________ control the breakdown of starch and proteins in seeds.

Answer 60

gibberellins

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT associated with helping to protect plants from harmful viruses, bacteria, and/or fungi?

Answer 61

brassinosteroids

Question 62

* What photosynthetic pathway is Kranz anatomy associated with? What environmental conditions favor this pathway?

Answer 62

It is associated with C4 plants and favors hot, dry environments.

Question 63

Which plant hormone is kept low in fruit storage warehouses to avoid ripening?

Answer 63

ethylene

Question 64

Kranz anatomy

Answer 64

Indicates that a plant uses the C4 metabolic pathway during photosynthesis

Question 65

Which is a modified leaf?

Answer 65

spine

Question 66

The herbicide 2,4-D is an ________________.

Answer 66

auxin

Question 67

_____________________ are produced by the plant, travel within the plant, effective in small doses, and affect growth and development.

Answer 67

Hormones

Question 68

What is the correct term for the sharp pokey things on rose stems?

Answer 68

prickles

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a reason that transpiration is so important to plants?

Answer 69

creates positive pressure in the xylem

Question 70

* What functions does the mesophyll serve and what type of cells is it made up of?

Answer 70

The mesophyll is used in photosynthesis and is made up of parenchyma cells.

Question 71

Systemic acquired resistance is a defense response that leads to the release of__________________.

Answer 71

jasmonic acid

Question 72

In a temperate climate (like Vermont), what occurs during leaf senescence in broadleaf trees?

Answer 72

1. carbohydrates in the leaf are returned to the plant stem 2. chlorophyll breaks down 3. protective anthocyanins are produced

Question 73

Deciduous leaves are dropped in the fall of the year to protect the tree from dessication.

Answer 73

true

Question 74

* What occurs during senescence of broadleaf trees in a temperate climate? Why do we see the colors yellow, orange and red in leaves during this time? (Be specific!)

Answer 74

During senescence, the tree is taking back substances from the leaves and sending them to the stem by breaking down chlorophyll which makes the beautiful colors appear during autumn.