exam 3

Question 1

The sporophyte generation of a plant

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

If the environment is favorable and a seed doesn’t germinate it is likely

Answer 2

dormant

Question 3

A plant that is well-adapted to its stable environment may find _______________ to its advantage.

Answer 3

apomixis

Question 4

When a seed or plant requires a period of winter-like conditions in order to germinate / flower later…

Answer 4

vernalization

Question 5

Which parts of a seed are haploid?

Answer 5

gametophyte

Question 6

Mosses

Answer 6

do not have true leaves

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a difference between gymnosperms and pteridophytes?

Answer 7

gymnosperms have a branched vascular system and pteridophytes do not

Question 8

What is a major difference between lycophytes and ferns?

Answer 8

leaf size

Question 9

Why do lycophytes need to live in wet environments?

Answer 9

their sperm need to move through the water

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a reason why seedless plants have to live in wet environments?

Answer 10

their spores have to travel through water

Question 11

Which plant groups produce spores?

Answer 11

all of the above

Question 12

How are bryophytes different from pteridophytes?

Answer 12

bryophytes lack xylem and phloem

Question 13

Which of the following is not a seedless plant?

Answer 13

ginkgo

Question 14

Which of the following would be the oldest plants on earth?

Answer 14

bryophytes

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a bryophyte?

Answer 15

club moss

Question 16

delete

Answer 16

delete

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a gymnosperm?

Answer 17

maples

Question 18

How does seed dispersal benefit a plant?

Answer 18

eliminates competition between the parent plant and its grandbabies

Question 19

What ecological advantages do seeds have over spores?

Answer 19

water not required for fertilization, storage of food, mostly diploid tissues

Question 20

How are conifers different than cycads?

Answer 20

all of the above

Question 21

*How are cycads different than ferns? How are conifers different than cycads? How are gnetophytes different than conifers

Answer 21

Cycads produce cones (of different sex) that create seeds while ferns reproduce through spores. Cycads have a flagellated sperm while conifers sperm are non-mobile. Gnetophytes have double fertilization.

Question 22

Double fertilization produces

Answer 22

an embryo and endosperm

Question 23

This is a pollen grain. What can you tell me about the plant it came from?

Answer 23

The plant was a monocot

Question 24

How are flowering plants different than all other plant lineages?

Answer 24

double fertilization creates endosperm to nourish their embryo

Question 25

Which of the following would be a good example of a monocot?

Answer 25

plant with scattered vascular bundles in its stem

Question 26

Conifer reproduction... By the summer of year two (2), what is fully developed?

Answer 26

male and female gametophytes (of a pollinated ovule)

Question 27

An integument-protected megasporangia with developing gametophyte is...

Answer 27

an ovule

Question 28

Conifers put their seeds in cones which are a type of fruit.

Answer 28

false

Question 29

*Define the following terms: haploid, diploid, spore, gamete, zygote, sporophyte, gametophyte, meiosis

Answer 29

haploid : solitary chromosomes Diploid : paired chromosomes spore : haploid cell that develops w/out fertilization gamete : haploid cell (fuse with another gamete to develop) zygote : two gametes come together sporophyte : diploid organism gametophyte : haploid meiosis : process of a cell dividing

Question 30

Choose the answer which has the two words that would best complete the following sentence. The ovule will develop into a ______ while the ovary will develop into a ______ .

Answer 30

seed, fruit

Question 31

Eudicots

Answer 31

exclude a few groups that are not as closely related as eudicots are to monocots

Question 32

Which pair of words best completes the following sentence? "In double fertilization, one sperm fuses with a/an to form an embryo while another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the .

Answer 32

egg cell, endosperm

Question 33

Conifers produce flagellate sperm

Answer 33

false

Question 34

Name three ways gymnosperms differ from bryophytes.

Answer 34

gymnosperms are vascular, their gametophyte is enclosed within an integument connected to the sporophyte, and they don't require a wet environment for fertilization

Question 35

*How does moss act to regulate climate? Describe the influence of peatlands on climate.

Answer 35

Moss (peat) molds carbon within itself, it can slow its growth if carbon levels are low (warm up) but can also increase growth if carbon levels are high (cooling). Peatlands cover 3% of land and store 30% of soil carbon, if peatlands were gone climate change would be far out of control.

Question 36

What are the parts of a stamen?

Answer 36

anther and filament

Question 37

Why does the hypocotyl emerge from the soil bent in a hook?

Answer 37

to protect the apical meristem

Question 38

*Where is the stem of a fern located? What are sporangia? Where are they located on a fern? What is the difference between a homosporus fern and a heterosporous fern?

Answer 38

The stem is located underground. The sporangia store spores and are located on the under side of the leaves. Heterosporous ferns create two types of spores (egg-producing and sperm-producing gametophytes) while homosporus ferns create only one type of spore.

Question 39

The perianth includes the

Answer 39

A & B

Question 40

List three adaptations conifers have for life in cold environments.

Answer 40

flexible branches, waxy cuticle, tracheids with pits that can seal

Question 41

What terms correctly describe the fruit of an apple?

Answer 41

accessory fruit, pome

Question 42

Which of the following best describes an ovary?

Answer 42

can transform in to something that can help with the dispersal of seeds

Question 43

The ovary, stigma, and style form the

Answer 43

pistil

Question 44

A dioecious plant

Answer 44

requires that you plant both a male and a female plant to produce fruit

Question 45

Who am I? I was formed in an ovule when a sperm fused with two cells that had been produced in the ovule.

Answer 45

endosperm

Question 46

Which of the following would be a good example of a dicot?

Answer 46

plant with branched venation

Question 47

*When does embryo development stop? How is dormancy adaptive?

Answer 47

The development of an embryo stops when the seed is ready and thus detaches from the momma/grandmother plant. This detachment causes the seed to dry to <15% water, making the enzymes lose activity and stop growth. This is dormancy and is extremely beneficial to the plant since not all the seeds will germinate thus creating better chances against one "wipe-out" event.

Question 48

*Distinguish between the leaf, stem, flower, pollen, and seed features of the two largest groups of flowering plants—monocots and eudicots. How is each different in the two groups?

Answer 48

leaf --> monocot leaves have parallel veins while dicot leaves have branching veins. stem --> monocot stems have vascular bundles are scattered while dicot stems are arranged into rings. flower : m--> number of petals divisible by three, d--> petals multiples of 4 or 5 pollen --> monocot pollen have a single pore while dicot pollen can have three pores. seed --> monocot seeds have only one leaf inside while dicot seeds have two.

Question 49

Which of the following would be a good example of a monocot?

Answer 49

plant with parallel venation