exam 2 study guide #5

Question 1

Glycogeneis converts

Answer 1

glucose to glycogen

Question 2

glycogenolysis converts

Answer 2

glycogen to glucose

Question 3

gluconeogenesis converts

Answer 3

amino acids and glycerol to glucose

Question 4

lipogenesis converts

Answer 4

glucose to lipids

Question 5

lipogenesis is a _____ process that occurs primarily ____

Answer 5

synthetic, following a meal

Question 6

Glycogenolysis is a _____ process that occurs primarily _____

Answer 6

degradative; during the fasted state

Question 7

Glycogenesis is a ____ process that occurs primarily ____

Answer 7

synthetic; following a meal

Question 8

Lipolysis is a ____ process that occurs primarily ____

Answer 8

degradative; during the fasted state

Question 9

Gluconeogenesis is a ______ process that occurs primarily ______

Answer 9

synthetic; during the fasted state

Question 10

______ reduces blood glucose levels.

Answer 10

-glycogenesis
-Lipogenesis

Question 11

______ increases or returns blood glucose to the steady state level.

Answer 11

-Glycogenolysis
-Gluconeogenesis

Question 12

Which cells require the presence of insulin before glucose can be transported across the cell membrane?

Answer 12

-Muscle cells
-Adipose tissue
-Most other cells of the body

Question 13

What cells in the pancreas are responsible for detecting changes (both increases and decreases) in blood glucose levels?

Answer 13

Beta

Question 14

Insulin

Answer 14

-Activates glucose transporter molecules
-Decreases blood glucose levels
-Release is stimulated by increased blood glucose levels
-is released from beta cells in the pancreas

Question 15

Which of these metabolic processes are stimulated by or require the presence of insulin?

Answer 15

-glycogenesis
-lipogenesis

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

-Increase blood glucose levels
-Release is stimulated by decreased blood glucose levels
-Is released from alpha cells in the pancreas

Question 17

Which of these metabolic processes are stimulated by glucagon in the liver?

Answer 17

-Glycogenolysis
-Gluconeogenesis

Question 18

Only glucagon is released during fasting and only insulin is released following a meal.

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

Blood glucose is elevated following a glucose load.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

Blood glucose levels in the normal subject do not return to fasting levels until five hours following a glucose load.

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

By about three hours following a glucose load the blood glucose has returned to its fasting level in a normal subject.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

It takes longer for a diabetic patient blood glucose to return to normal than it does for a normal subject.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Glucose can be found in the urine if blood glucose levels are greater than 180 mg%.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

Normal fasting blood glucose can be as high as 125 mg%

Answer 24

FALSE

Question 25

The ability to release insulin when blood glucose levels rise will determine fasting and post-glucose load blood glucose values

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Epinephrine

Answer 26

-Increases blood glucose levels -Release is stimulated by stress -Released from the medullary cells of the adrenal gland -Is a hormone

Question 27

Which metabolic processes are stimulated by epinephrine?

Answer 27

glycogenolysis

Question 28

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by:

Answer 28

decreased insulin production

Question 29

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by

Answer 29

decreased receptor number or function

Question 30

Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed by fasting blood glucoses:

Answer 30

greater than or equal to 126mg%

Question 31

Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed by fasting blood glucoses:

Answer 31

greater than or equal to 126mg%

Question 32

Type 1 diabetes is treated:

Answer 32

with insulin injections

Question 33

Type 2 diabetes is usually treated:

Answer 33

-with diet and exercise -oral medications that enhance glucose transport or increase insulin production

Question 34

Diabetic coma is characterized by:

Answer 34

-too little insulin -hyperglycemia (very high levels of glucose)

Question 35

Insulin shock is characterized by:

Answer 35

-too much insulin -very low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia)

Question 36

Diabetic coma can be treated with:

Answer 36

insulin injections

Question 37

Insulin shock can be treated with:

Answer 37

-glucose -glucagon injections

Question 38

The results from glucose tolerance tests on subjects with diabetes would show:

Answer 38

-fasting glucose levels of 126 mg% or more -two hour post glucose load glucose levels of 200 mg% or more -return to fasting within 4-5 hours following glucose load -presence of glucose in the urine

Question 39

The results from glucose tolerance tests on subjects with normal glucose control would show:

Answer 39

-fasting glucose levels of 60-110 mg% -two hour post glucose levels of 140 mg% or less -return to fasting within 2-3 hours following glucose load -absence of glucose in the urine`

Question 40

A diabetic coma patient needs to be treated successfully with an insulin dose rate of 0.5 units/kg of body weight. She currently weighs 65 kilograms and the insulin you have available has a concentration of 60 units/milliliter. Calculate how much you need to inject to treat her. Your answer should be rounded to the nearest 1/100th.

Answer 40

--weight multiplied by units per kg (65x.5) --take that number (32.5) divide by concentration (60 units/ milli) -0.54

Question 41

When reporting blood glucose levels units may be

Answer 41

-mg% -mg/dl -mg/100 ml