Exam 2 Study Guide (cumulative) Flashcards by Samuel Fangman

Increased muscular resistance felt by the examiner during quick joint movement, quickly fades.

Spasticity

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Spasticity is indicative of UMN lesion involving what type of spinal tracts?

Cortical or pyramidal pathway lesions

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Involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists through the joints entire ROM.

Rigidity

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Rigidity is indicative of UMN lesion involving what spinal tract?

Extrapyramidal

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Hypotonia (decreased muscle tone) is usually indicative of damage to 1 of what 2 areas?

-LMN lesion

- -cerebellar disease

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What is a loss of normal neurological function (reduction in muscle tone, reflexes, strength, etc.)?

Deficit phenomena

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What is an exaggerates or pervert’s normal neurological findings (hyper-reflexia, hypertonia, etc.)?

Release phenomena

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Which is an UMN/LMN:

-Deficit phenomena or
-Release phenomena

Deficit phenomena = LMN

Release phenomena = UMN

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of the biceps?

Musculocutaneous N (C5)

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Brachioradialis?

Radial (C6)

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Triceps?

Radial (C7)

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Finger Flexion?

Median, Ulnar (C8)

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Patellar?

Femoral (L2-L4)

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Achilles?

Tibial (L5-S2)

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Adductor?

Obturator (L2-L4)

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of Internal Hamstrings?

Tibial (L4-S2)

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What nerve is associated w/ the muscle stretch reflex of External Hamstrings?

Common Peroneal (L5-S3)

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What is a positive Rossolimo sign and what does it mean?

Plantar flexion of toes = UMNL

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What is a positive Chaddock sign and what does it mean?

Dorsiflexion = UMNL

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What is the afferent and efferent supply for the Pupillary Light Reflex?

Afferent = CN 2

Efferent = CN 3

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What is the afferent and efferent for Ciliospinal reflex?

Afferent = CN 5

Efferent = cervical sympathetics

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What is the afferent and efferent for Oculocardiac reflex?

Afferent = CN 5

Efferent = CN 10

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What is the afferent and efferent for Carotid Sinus reflex?

Afferent = CN 9

Efferent = CN 10

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What reflex dysfunction is associated w/:

-Depressed stretch reflexes
-Loss of strength

Muscular

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What reflex dysfunction is associated w/: - -Depressed stretch reflex - -Loss of stretch

Neuromuscular junction

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/: - -Depressed stretch reflexes - -Usually out proportion to weakness

Peripheral nerve

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/: | --stretch reflexes hypoactive at level of lesion and hyperactive below level of lesion

Spinal cord and brain stem

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/: | --stretch reflexes hypoactive or visibly abnormal

Cerebellum

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/: | --no consistent deep or superficial reflex changes

Basal ganglia

What reflex dysfunction is associated w/: - -UMN pattern of weakness on the contralateral side - -may be a babinski response

Cerebral cortex

Shaking in fingers, due to agonist/antagonist action

Physiological tremors

Startle reactions (usually a normal occurrence between walking and sleeping)

Myoclonic jerks

What are twitches (often after exercise and not pathological)?

Benign fasciculations

What type of tremor presents as: | --Rapid tremor

Emotional

What type of tremor presents as: | --hereditary tremor that affects the hands

Familial

What type of tremor presents as: | --associated w/ aging

Senile

What type of tremor presents as: | --"pin-rolling" at rest, disappears w/ volitional movement (basal ganglion lesion)

Parkinsonian

What type of tremor presents as: | --Tremor worsens w/ volitional movement (cerebellar pathology)

Intention tremor

What type of tremor presents as: | --Tremor w/ intentional posture, decreases w/ movement

Postural tremor

Random, quick movements stimulating normal movements

Chorea

Slow, writhing movements of fingers and extremities that come and go (pyramidal tract signs)

Athetosis

Slow, alternating contraction and relaxation of agonist and antagonists, one usually dominates causing fixed joint contractures.

Dystopia

Violent, flinging movement of half the body

Hemiballismus

Quick, repetitive movements associated w/ emotional stress

Tics

Motor unrest manifested as continual shifting of posture

Akathisia

Involuntary movements of the face, mouth, tongue, and limbs

Tardive dyskinesia

What type of gate is this: | --slap feet on ground w/ wide base and watch steps b/c they cant tell where their body is in space

Ataxic gate

What type of gate is this: | --Affected leg is rigid and swung from hip, toes usually pointed down

Hemiplegic gait

What type of gate is this: - -Legs adducted, crossing alternately in front of one another - -short, slow steps that are stiff and jerky

Scissors gait

What type of gate is this: | --High knee action and flopping of the feet, toes tend to drag along the floor

Steppage gait

What type of gate is this: | --forward leaning posture w/ short shuffling steps

Festination gait

What is the problem if their is pain w/ active ROM?

Muscle strain

What is the problem if their is pain w/ passive ROM?

Ligament sprain

What's the problem: | --Nonspecific neck pain w/ symptoms down one side of neck

Cervical radiculopathy

What's the problem: | --Neck pain, bilateral upper extremity symptoms, coordination/balance deficits

Cervical myelopathy

What are 5 Cervical Orthopedic Tests for Dural Irritation (Myelopathy)?

- -Brachial Plexus Tension - -Lhermitte sign - -Shoulder Depression - -Kernig-Brudzinski - -Soto-Hall

What are 4 Cervical Orthopedic Tests for Dural Meningitis?

- -Kernig-Brudzinski - -Bikele - -Brachial Plexus Tension - -Soto-Hall

What would be 3 findings in the history of soft clues that would lead a doctor to test for meningitis?

Fever, headache, stiff neck

What 3 tests are best for identifying myelopathy?

- -Hoffman's - -Upper Deep Tendon Reflex - -Babinski sign

What are 5 tests for IVF encroachment?

- -Distraction - -Foraminal Compression - -Jackson's Compression - -Maximum Cervical Compression - -Spurlings

If you suspect a Brachial Plexus Injury, what 4 tests should you perform?

- -Bakody Sign - -Bikele's Sign - -Brachial Plexus Tension Test - -Brachial Plexus Compression Test

What does a positive Adson's test indicate?

Anterior scalene hypertrophy

What does a positive Modified Adson's test indicate?

Middle scale hypertrophy

Doctor occluded jugular vein at clavicles for 10-15 sec and patient is instructed to cough.

Naffzigers test

What does a positive Naffziger's Test indicate?

Sharp pain = SOL

Patient seated and asked to shake head back and forth as fast as they can

Barr'e-Lie'ou Test

What are positive Barr'e-Lie'ou Test?

Dizziness, vertigo, nausea, fainting, nystagmus

What are 3 DDx's for Lateral/Anterior shoulder pain w/ overhead activities?

- -Subacromial impingement - -Tendinitis - -Bursitis

What are 2 DDx's for instability, pain w/ action

- -Shoulder instability | - -possible Labrador tear if clicking

What is Dx for patient falls on shoulder?

AC joint sprain

What are the 2 DDx for decreased ROM w/ pain during resistance?

- -Rotator cuff | - -bicep tendon

What is the Dx for pain and weakness w/ muscle loading, night pain?

Rotator cuff

What is the Dx for poorly located pain, may extend into elbow, aggravated by movement?

Adhesive capsulitis

What type of SLAP lesion is this: | --fraying of superior labrum

Type 1 SLAP lesion

What type of SLAP lesion is this: | --fraying of superior labrum also bicep anchor detachment

Type 2 SLAP lesion

What type of SLAP lesion is this: | --bucket tear w/ intact Biceps tendon

Type 3 SLAP lesion

What type of SLAP lesion is this: | --bucket tear of biceps tendon

Type 4 SLAP lesion

What are the 2 DDx for the following symptoms: | --Lateral elbow pain during gripping

- -Lateral epicondylitis | - -Radial tunnel

What is the Dx for the following symptoms: | --Medial elbow pain during wrist flexion

Medial epicondylitis

What is the Dx for the following symptoms: | --Elbow pain w/ numbness in Ulnar nerve

Cubital tunnel syndrome

What is the Dx for the following symptoms: | --Anterior elbow pain and forearm made worse by wrist or elbow flexion

Pronator syndrome

What is the Dx for the following symptoms: | --Sensations of catching or instability

Rotary instability

What is the Dx for the following symptoms: | --Posterior elbow pain during hyperextension

Valgus extension overload syndrome

Exam 2 Study Guide (cumulative) Flashcards

(83 cards)