Exam 2 - Textbook Terms Chapter 5

Question 1

_________- In geographic profiling, the location from which the offender leaves to commit crimes. Usually, the anchor point is the criminal’s home, but it could also be a workplace or another location.

Answer 1

anchor point

Question 2

_________ - Advice offered to investigators by social scientists— for example, advice on how to use the media, what questions to ask during police interviews with suspects, and whether a crime might be part of a series of crimes. belief in a just world

Answer 2

behavioral investigative advice (BIA)

Question 3

_________ - In geographic profiling, the area in which the criminal is less likely to commit crimes.

Answer 3

buffer zone

Question 4

_________ - The process of determining whether the same person committed two or more crimes.

Answer 4

case linkage

Question 5

_________ - Serial killers who tend to kill impulsively by picking their victims at random, acting out of sudden rage or because they hear voices telling them to kill; they are more likely to use any weapon that happens to be available, leave the weapon at the crime scene, and use the dead body for sexual purposes.

Answer 5

disorganized murderers

Question 6

_________ - In geographic profiling, the principle that the probability of a crime decreases as distance from past crime locations increases.

Answer 6

distance decay

Question 7

_________ - A death with unknown cause.

Answer 7

equivocal death

Question 8

_________ - The process of estimating the general vicinity of a criminal’s home or place of work or projecting the location of the next crime, based on the pattern of past crimes and the geographic features of particular places.

Answer 8

geographic profiling (or criminal spatial mapping)

Question 9

_________ - Serial killers who kill for thrills and take sadistic sexual pleasure in torturing their victims.

Answer 9

hedonistic types

Question 10

_________ - Serial killers who are less likely than visionary types to be psychotic and are motivated by a desire to kill people they regard as evil or unworthy.dition.

Answer 10

mission-oriented types

Question 11

_________ - A classification system for types of deaths, with four categories: natural, accidental, suicide, and homicide.

Answer 11

NASH system

Question 12

_________ - Serial killers who kill by carefully selecting and stalking their victims and planning what they will do to their victims; they show patience and self-control by waiting for the right opportunity and then cleaning up evidence after the murder.

Answer 12

organized murderers

Question 13

_________ - Serial killers who get satisfaction from capturing and controlling the victim before killing.

Answer 13

power-oriented types

Question 14

_________ - techniques combine traditional criminal data with unorthodox information to generate predictions about where crime is likely to happen in the future.

Answer 14

Predictive policing

Question 15

_________ - Evidence that provides information that is useful in assessing whether a person committed a crime. To be admissible in court, the probative value of a piece of evidence must not be substantially outweighed by its potential prejudicial impact.

Answer 15

probative evidence

Question 16

_________ - The process of drawing inferences about a criminal’s personality, behavior, motivation, and demographic characteristics based on crime scenes and other evidence.

Answer 16

profiling (or retroclassification or criminal investigative analysis)

Question 17

_________ - An effort to reconstruct the psychological state of a person prior to death, in order to determine whether the death was accidental, natural, suicide, or homicide.

Answer 17

psychological autopsy

Question 18

_________ - Using race (or ethnicity) as an indicator of who might be engaged in criminal activity.

Answer 18

racial profiling

Question 19

_________ - Murderers who kill three or more people in separate events with a cooling-off period between murders.

Answer 19

serial killers

Question 20

_________ - In criminal profiling of serial killers, the distinctive, personal aspect of a crime that presumably reveals the personality of the killer.

Answer 20

signature

Question 21

_________ - A biased tendency to seek out evidence that fits a profile or stereotype while ignoring contrary evidence.

Answer 21

tunnel vision

Question 22

_________ - Serial killers who are usually psychotic. They have visions or believe they hear voices from God or spirits instructing them to kill certain types of people.

Answer 22

visionary types