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Human Anatomy > Exam 2 theory > Flashcards

Exam 2 theory Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are rarely fatal, but ____ unfortunately often are.

A

malignant melanomas

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2
Q

Malignant Melanomas is

A

the most dangerous

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3
Q

___ is the largest system of the body.
-cutaneous membrane
-Accessory structures

A

The integument

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4
Q

Two component of the cutaneous membrane are

A

outer epidermis

Inner dermis

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5
Q

superficial epithelium( epithelial tissue)

A

outer epidermis

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6
Q

Inner dermis

A

connective tissues

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7
Q

Accessory structure are structures that__

A

Extend through the epidermis to the skin surface

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8
Q

Example of accessory structure

A

Hair

Nails

Multicellular exocrine glands

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9
Q

Nervous system

A

sensory receptors for pain, touch, and temperature

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10
Q

Cardiovascular system are ___

A

Blood vessels in the dermis

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11
Q

loose connective tissue
Below the dermis
location of hypodermic injections

A

Hypodermis( superficial fascia or Subcutaneous layer)

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12
Q

Function of the Skin 1

A

Protection of underlying tissues and organs ( innateDefense)

Production of melanin

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13
Q

Function of the Skin( Integumentary system)

A

Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)
Production of Keratin

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14
Q

Function of the Skin 2

A

Maintenance of body temperature( Insulation and evaporation)
storage of lipids

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15
Q

Function of the Skin( Integumentary system)2

A

Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands).
Synthesis of vitamin D3- Kidney and livers

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16
Q

Detection of touch, pressure, pain and temperature

A

function of the skin

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17
Q

____avascular stratified Squamous epithelium.

A

The Epidermis

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18
Q

Keratinocytes

A

the most abundant cells in the epidermis

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19
Q

Thin skin

A

has four layers

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20
Q

thick skin has has five layers of Keratinocytes ( deep to superficial)

A

Stratum basale- (Deep)

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

stratum corneum( superficial)

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21
Q

Is attached to basement membrane by hemidesmosomes

Forms a strong bond between epidermis and dermis

Epidermal ridges (basis of fingerprint)

A

Stratum basale- (Deep)

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22
Q

Stratum basale- (Deep)

A

Melanocytes

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23
Q

Contain the pigment melanin

Scattered throughout stratum

A

Melanocytes

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24
Q

Contain the divided, increasing thickness of epithelium

A

Stratum spinosum- the spiny layer

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25
Stratum Granulosum- the grainy layer
Stops dividing, starts producing.
26
A tough fibrous protein Makes up hair and nails
Keratin
27
Cells of stratum granulosum
Produce protein fiber
28
found only in thick skin covers stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum(clear layer)
29
Exposed surface of skin Water resistant Shed and replace every two weeks
Stratum corneum- the horn layer
30
Perspiration
now fluid is lost
31
Interstitial fluid lost by evaporation through the Stratum corneum is
Insensible perspiration
32
water excreted by sweat glands. Dehydrated results.
sensible perspiration
33
From damage to the station corneum (e.g sea water). From immersion in hypotonic solution (e.g sea water (osmosis)
Dehydrated results
34
Function of melanocytes
Melanin protects skin from damage. Ultraviolet( uv) radiation
35
causes DNA mutation and burns that lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet( uv) radiation
36
oxygenated red blood contributes to
skin color
37
Bluish skin tint caused by severe reduction in blood flow or oxygen.
Cyanosis
38
Build up of bile produced by liver Yellow color
Jaundice
39
Epidermal cells produce cholecalcifero
Vitamin D3
40
Epidermal cells produce cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
In presence of a UV radiation
41
The liver and kidneys convert Vitamin D3 into ___
calcitriol
42
The liver and kidneys convert Vitamin D3 into calcitriol which
Aids absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
43
Insufficient Vitamin D3 can cause
rickets
44
Located between epidermis and Subcutaneous layer Anchors epidermal accessory structure
The Dermis
45
2 components of the dermis are
outer papillary layer Deep reticular layer
46
consist of areolar tissue- loose connective contains Smaller capillaries, lymphatic, and sensory neurons
The papillary layer
47
consists of dense irregular connective tissue. contains layer of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers
The reticular Layer
48
contains collagen and elastic fibers contains connective tissue proper.
The reticular Layer
49
Dermal strength and Elasticity consists of two types of fiber.
Collagen fiber Elastic fibers
50
very strong, resist stretching but bend easily Provide flexibility
Collagen fiber
51
Permit stretching and recoil to original length Limit the flexibility of collagen to prevent damage to tissue
Elastic fibers
52
Properties of flexibility and resilience
skin turgor
53
Example skin damage-dermis layer
sagging and wrinkles (reduce skin elasticity) stretch marks-happens in dermal level
54
sagging and wrinkles (reduce skin elasticity) are caused by
Dehydration Age Hormonal changes UV exposure
55
Thickened tissues resulting from excessive stretching of skin due to :
Pregnancy weight gain
56
A parallel cut remains shut, heals well. A cut across (right angle) pulls open and scars
Cleavage (tension) lines
57
Lies below the integument  Stabilize the skin made of elastic areolar and adipose
The Hypodermis (subcutaneous Layer)
58
Sebaceous gland are
holocrine gland Secrete sebum
59
Two types of sweat glands
Apocrine glands eccrine
60
Apocrine glands are
armpit nipples groin (break down causes odor )
61
widely distributed, especially palms and soles watery Secretion sensible perspiration
Eccrine (eccrine) glands
62
mammary glands
Produce milk
63
Produce cerumen (earwax) Protect the eardrum
Ceruminous gland
64
Osteon
Look like a tree trunk
65
blood flows through
central canal (haversian)
66
Volklann's canal
run sideway
67
Dark spot-lacunae cavity is where
cell lives( Osteocytes)
68
__ is located in lacuna
osteocytes-bone cell 
69
the arrangement around the circumference.
concentric

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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