Exam 2: Thorne/Taylor

Question 1

Parts of forebrain

Answer 1

Thalamus + Hypothalamus + Cerebrum

Diencephalon + Cerebral

Question 2

Parts of brainstem

Answer 2

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

Question 3

Parts of hindbrain

Answer 3

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla

Question 4

Parts of the brain

Answer 4

Forebrain + midbrain + hindbrain

Forebrain + brainstem + cerebellum

Question 5

Components of general physical exam

Answer 5

1) mental status
2) cranial nerves
3) motor functions
4) reflexes
5) sensory functions
6) gait

Question 6

Imaging used in evaluation of neurological illnesses

Answer 6

CT, MRI, PET

Question 7

Micro-anatomical organization of the brain

Answer 7

Neurons

Glial cells

Question 8

Types of glial cells

Answer 8

Macroglia

Microglia

Question 9

Mental status assessment

Answer 9

Assess mental/emotional status, speech, memory, alertness, reasoning, following command and communication

Question 10

Cranial nerves assessment

Answer 10

Assess senses (smell, vision, hearing/balance)

Question 11

Motor function assessment

Answer 11

Assess strength, resistance, coordination, tremors, atrophy

Question 12

Reflexes assessment

Answer 12

Assess biceps, triceps, tendon reflexes

Question 13

Sensory functions assessment

Answer 13

Assess reaction to pinprick, vibration, temperature

Question 14

Gait assessment

Answer 14

Assess walking, balancing

Question 15

Lobes of the brain

Answer 15

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

Question 16

Frontal lobe controls

Answer 16

Speech, motor

Question 17

Separates frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 17

Central sulcus

Question 18

Gyrus vs sulcus

Answer 18

Gyri: hills
Sulci: valleys

Question 19

Temporal lobe controls

Answer 19

Hearing

Question 20

Parietal lobe controls

Answer 20

Sensory

Question 21

Occipital lobe controls

Answer 21

Vision

Question 22

Spinal cord function

Answer 22

Control of muscles and reception of sensory information

Question 23

Brainstem functions

Answer 23

Survival-associated arousal and control of BP/respiration

Question 24

Cerebellum function

Answer 24

Coordination and balance

Question 25

Parts of diencephalon

Answer 25

Thalamus | Hypothalamus

Question 26

Parts of cerebral hemisphere

Answer 26

Hippocampus Amygdala Cerebral cortex Basal ganglia

Question 27

Function of hypothalamus

Answer 27

Autonomic, limbo and neuroendocrine control

Question 28

Thalamus function

Answer 28

Relay to cortex

Question 29

Amygdala function

Answer 29

Limbic structure drives, emotions, memory

Question 30

Basal ganglia function

Answer 30

Movement control, related structures in brainstem

Question 31

Parts of cerebral cortex

Answer 31

``` Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Limbic lobe Insular cortex ```

Question 32

Parts of basal ganglia

Answer 32

Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus

Question 33

Limbic system functions

Answer 33

Drives, emotions, memory

Question 34

Insular cortex functions

Answer 34

Taste sensation, self-awareness, experience integration

Question 35

Cranial nerves

Answer 35

Optic Olfactory Vestibulocochlear Facial

Question 36

Optic nerve function

Answer 36

Vision

Question 37

Olfactory nerve function

Answer 37

Smell

Question 38

Vestibulocochlear function

Answer 38

Balance, hearing

Question 39

Facial nerve function

Answer 39

Taste

Question 40

Flow in CSF

Answer 40

2 lateral ventricles --> 3rd ventricle --> 4th ventricle --> SAS --> venous absorption

Question 41

Where to do spinal tap?

Answer 41

Lumbar SAS below vertebral L1/L2

Question 42

Separates frontal lobe from temporal lobe

Answer 42

Lateral fissure

Question 43

Separates the left and right hemispheres

Answer 43

Longitudinal fissure

Question 44

Planes of section

Answer 44

Coronal Sagittal Horizontal

Question 45

Directional terms

Answer 45

Superior/Inferior Anterior/Posterior Dorsal/Ventral Rostral/Caudal

Question 46

Types of capillaries

Answer 46

Continuous (nervous system, muscle, fat) Fenestrated (kidney, endocrine glands, intestinal villi, brain tumors) Discontinuous (liver, spleen, bone marrow)

Question 47

Formation of BBB

Answer 47

1) angiogenesis and barrier induction 2) neurovascular unit interactions 3) maturation and maintenance