EXAM 2 - Week 6 (Respiratory) Flashcards
(38 cards)
Typical ventilation-perfusion ratio
9:1
Good ventilation, poor perfusion = HIGH ratio
Low ventilation, good perfusion = LOW ratio
Example of ventilation but poor perfusion
Respiration is occurring but the oxygen/blood isn’t getting to the lungs; no gas exchange
Pulmonary emboli
Example of poor ventilation but perfusion
Blood is getting to the lungs but problems with inspiration, expiration, or diffusion at ACJ
COPD, Asthma
Sneezing
Reflex response to irritation in upper respiratory tract that helps remove irritant
Associated with inflammation or foreign material
Coughing
Irritation due to nasal discharge, inflammation or foreign material in lower respiratory tract due to inhaled irritants
Tidal Volume
Amount of air exchanged with normal inspiration and expiration (500 mL of air)
Residual Volume
The amount of air left in lungs after max expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Max volume of air inspired in excess of normal
IRV = ERV - TV
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Max volume of air expelled after normal/passive expiration (RV - TV)
Vital Capacity
Forced vital capacity = max amount of air expired following max inspiration
TV + ERV + IRV
Total lung capacity
Total amount of air in lungs after max inspiration
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
Blow out air for as long as you can after max inhalation and measure for 1 second
Carbonic Anhydrase
catalyzes decomposition of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and H2O – facilitates transfer of CO2 from tissues to blood and from blood to alveolar air
-helps CO2 diffuse into red blood cells
Retractions
Superclavicular region will suck in and retract when someone is trying to change the thoracic pressure so much that it is pulling and retracting in some areas without bone
Abnormal breathing pattern - Eupnea
Rhythm is smooth and even with expiration longer than inspiration (~20 breaths/min)
Tachypnea
Rapid superficial breathing, regular or irregular rhythm
Bradypnea
Slow respiratory rate, deeper than usual depth, regular rhythm (less than 20/min)
Apnea
Cessation of breathing
Hyperpnea
Increased depth of respiration with a normal to increased rate and regular rhythm
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Periodic breathing associated with periods of arena, alternating regularly with a series of respiratory cycles; the respiratory cycle gradually increases then decreases in rate and depth.
Ataxic Breathing
Periods of apnea alternating irregularly with a series of shallow breaths of equal depth
Kussmaul’s Respiration
Deep regular sighing respirations with an increase in respiratory rate
Apneusis
Long, gasping respiratory phase followed by a short, inadequate expiratory phase
Obstructed breathing
Long, ineffective expiratory phase with shallow increased respirations
Long expiratory phase b/c trying to get air out, and shallow b/c too much air is trapped
