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Anatomy > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

The thyroid gland is responsible for the secretion of which hormone?

A

Calcitonin

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2
Q

Which structure delivers the blood that contains regulatory hormones to the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Portal Vessels

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3
Q

What is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to a rise in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood, or in response to a fall in blood volume or blood pressure?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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4
Q

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland produces which hormones?

A

Mineralcorticoids (Aldosterone)

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5
Q

What is the hormone that targets the thyroid gland and triggers the release of thyroid hormone is?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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6
Q

What is released when blood glucose levels decrease?

A

Glucagon

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7
Q

What is the mineral required for normal thyroid function?

A

Iodine

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8
Q

What does the structure corpus luteum secrete?

A

Progesterone

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9
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective Tissue

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10
Q

How much does plasma contribute to the whole blood volume?

A

55%

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11
Q

Which formed elements of blood lose most of their organelles during differentiation & maturation?

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

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12
Q

Heme molecules are important for holding which ion in such a way that it can interact with an oxygen molecule?

A

Iron ion

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13
Q

Which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes in an individual with the A positive blood type?

A

A & Rh

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14
Q

Which antibodies are present in the plasma of an individual with the B negative blood type?

A

A & Rh

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15
Q

What are the major classes of white blood cells?

A

Agranular cells & Granular cells

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16
Q

Which endocrine organ is responsible for the production of ADH, oxytocin, & regulatory hormones?

A

Hypothalamus

17
Q

In women, which of the following is the function(s) of oxytocin that is released by the
posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Stimulates the contractions of smooth muscle cells in the uterus and myoepithelial cells
surrounding the secretory cells of the mammary glands

18
Q

What are the major classes of leukocytes?

A

-Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
-Agranulocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes

19
Q

What are the differences between an artery & a vein?

A

-Arteries have thicker vessel walls
-Arteries have more smooth muscle
-Arteries maintain their shape when cut
-Endothelial lining of an artery cannot contract, so it folds

-Veins collapse when cut
-Veins have valves

20
Q

What is blood?

A

Fluid connective tissue which distributes nutrients, oxygen and hormones and carries metabolic wastes to the kidneys for excretion

21
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

Plasma (55%)
Packed cells (erythrocytes & leukocytes)
Platelets

22
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

1.Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Distribute nutrients
3. Transport metabolic wastes
4. Deliver enzymes and hormones
5. Stabilize pH and electrolyte composition
6. Prevent fluid losses through damaged vessels through clotting
7. Defend against toxins and pathogens
8. Stabilize body temperature

23
Q

What is the structure of erythrocytes (RBCs)?

A

-Biconcave disc
-Thin central region
-Measure about 7.7 microns in diameter
-Lack cell organelles
-Lack a nucleus
-Contain hemoglobin

24
Q

Which structures are responsible for creating a direct electrical connection between cardiac muscle cells?

A

Gap Junctions

25
Q

What is the function of Arteries?

A

Takes blood away from the heart

26
Q

What is the function of Arterioles?

A

Control blood flow between arteries & capillaries

27
Q

What is the function of Capillaries?

A

-The smallest & most delicate vessels
-Allow the exchange of nutrients & wastes between the blood and surrounding interstitial fluids

28
Q

What is the function of Veins?

A

Collect blood from tissues and return to the heart

29
Q

What is the function of Venules?

A

Collect blood from the capillaries

30
Q

How are platelets produced?

A

They are produced when portions of large bone-marrow cells call magakaryocytes break off

31
Q

How does the anterior & posterior pituitary glands attach to the hypothalamus?

A

Connected by the infundibulum

32
Q

What is the distribution of blood?

A

Arteries & Capillaries: 30-35% of the volume
Veins: 65-70% of the volume

33
Q

What is the steps of blood flow through the heart?

A
  1. Vena Cava
  2. Right Atrium
  3. Tricuspid Valve
  4. Right Ventricle
  5. Pulmonary Valve
  6. Pulmonary Artery
  7. Pulmonary Capillary
  8. Pulmonary Vein
  9. Bicuspid Valve (Mitral)
  10. Left Ventricle
  11. Aortic Valve
  12. Aorta
  13. Arteries
  14. Arterioles
  15. Systemic Capillaries
  16. Venule
  17. Veins

Anatomy (9 decks)

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