exam 3

Question 1

A coenzyme can best be defined as:

Answer 1

a compound that binds to a protein and is required for its function or activity

Question 2

Which is not a water-soluble vitamin?

Answer 2

Vitamin E

Question 3

True or false? Vitamin A plays a role in vision health

Answer 3

true

Question 4

True or false? Vitamin K helps bone growth and maintenance.

Answer 4

False; vitamin K helps form blood clots

Question 5

True or false? Vitamin D must be hydroxylated in liver in kidney to be biologically active.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or false? Vitamin K deficiency can cause hemorrhage.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or false? Water-soluble vitamins present a relatively low level of toxicity.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or false? Pellagra is a deficiency symptom of niacin.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or false? Hypothalamic acid deficiency is widespread therefore proper supplementation is necessary.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Obesity can be defined as:

Answer 10

presence of excess body fat; a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2; waist circumference greater than 35 inches for men and 40 inches for women

Question 11

Definition of energy

Answer 11

capacity to do work

Question 12

definition of calorie

Answer 12

energy required to raise 1g of water by 1 degree C

Question 13

Sue works a desk job, commutes to work, parks close to the building, and watches TV with her family in the evening. At 165 pounds, she expends about 2,000 calories per day. Her average calorie intake is around 2,150 calories per day. Sue is in:

Answer 13

positive energy balance

Question 14

Which vitamin is scurvy a major deficiency symptom of?

Answer 14

Vitamin C

Question 15

Vitamin-like compound classified as an essential nutrient

Answer 15

Choline

Question 16

Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate results in:

Answer 16

megaloblastic anemia

Question 17

What is pellagra characterized by?

Answer 17

dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia

Question 18

Symptoms of ariboflavinosis

Answer 18

cracks and redness of the lips and corners of the mouth; swelling of the mouth and sore throat

Question 19

Deficiency disease associated with B-vitamin thiamine is:

Answer 19

Beriberi

Question 20

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 20

causes severe neurological disturbances

Question 21

function of vitamin K

Answer 21

needed for synthesis of proteins for blood clotting

Question 22

Which population is at risk for vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 22

People with darker skin

Question 23

Risks of vitamin D deficiency

Answer 23

rickets, osteomalacia, cancer, autoimmune disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease

Question 24

Functions of vitamin D

Answer 24

acts as a hormone and helps bone growth and maintenance

Question 25

Hypervitaminosis A (vitamin A toxicity)

Answer 25

usually results from excess supplementation; weakness or defects in bones, night blindness, permanent blindness, impaired immunity, rough, dry, or scaly skin, keratinization

Question 26

visual pigment of retinal and protein opsin

Answer 26

rhodopsin

Question 27

what happens when light strikes rhodopsin?

Answer 27

retinal changes its shape

Question 28

functions of vitamin A

Answer 28

vision; functions as hormone in: cell development, immune function, growth, bone health, reproduction

Question 29

Which form of vitamin A presents better bioavailability?

Answer 29

foods like salmon, animal products and fortified foods

Question 30

has vitamin activity after conversion to active form in the body

Answer 30

provitamin

Question 31

already in an active form in foods

Answer 31

preformed vitamin A

Question 32

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 32

A, D, E, and K

Question 33

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 33

B vitamins, choline, and vitamin C

Question 34

degree to which nutrients can be absorbed and used by the body

Answer 34

bioavailability

Question 35

BMI can be best described as

Answer 35

an estimate using a person's height and weight

Question 36

True or false? BMI can distinguish between excess fat and muscle and bone mass

Answer 36

false

Question 37

3 main components of total energy expenditure (TEE)

Answer 37

basal metabolism, thermic effect of food (TEF), and activity energy expenditure (AEE)

Question 38

What is the largest component of TEE?

Answer 38

basal metabolism

Question 39

Hormone that is produced in the stomach and stimulates hunger:

Answer 39

ghrelin

Question 40

Hormone that is produced by adipose tissue and suppresses hunger:

Answer 40

leptin