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Nutrition final > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals are divided into 2 categories, ____________ are usually measured in lb/ton, and __________ are measured in ppm or ppb

A

Macrominerals
Microminerals

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2
Q

Which is better for the desired Ca to P ratio in animals, roughages or grains?

A

Roughages

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3
Q

Macro or micro?
Chlorine

A

macro

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4
Q

Structural component of vitamin B12

A

Cobalt

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5
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

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6
Q

Macro or micro?
Phosphorus

A

macro

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7
Q

Macro or micro?
Sulfur

A

macro

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8
Q

Vitamin D is activated in the kidney, then activates the uptake of which mineral

A

Calcium

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9
Q

Macro or micro?
Iron

A

micro

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10
Q

Macro or micro?
Iodine

A

micro

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11
Q

_________ are used to transport lipids through the lacteal system

A

Chylomicrons

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12
Q

Vitamin D

A

Cholecalciferol

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13
Q

The intracellular component of Na/K pump

A

Potassium

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14
Q

Deficiency might cause night blindness

A

Retinol

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15
Q

Vitamin K

A

Menadione

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16
Q

Obesity is usually attributed to ___ adipose tissue, and the ineffectiveness of ______, the satiety hormone

A

White
Leptin

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17
Q

Structural component of Coenzyme A

A

Pantothenic acid

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18
Q

For most B-vitamins, the most common deficiency signs are _____ and _____

A

Poor growth
Anorexia

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19
Q

A triglyceride is defined as

A

Three fatty acids bonded (ester) to glycerol

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20
Q

Structural component of NAD

A
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21
Q

Vitamin A

A

Retinol

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22
Q

Macro or micro?
Magnesium

A

macro

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23
Q

When there is a decline in Ca plasma concentration, _____________ is produced by the parathyroid to stimulate the kidney to send active vitamin ________ to the gut to increase Ca absorption

A

Parathyroid hormone
Vitamin D

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24
Q

Deficiency causes Beriberi in humans and PEM in cattle

A

Thiamin

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25
Q

Macro or micro?
Calcium

A

macro

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26
Q

Exists mainly in a 2:1 ration with phosphorus, in a complex called hydroxyapatite crystals

A

Calcium

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27
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid

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28
Q

Macro or micro?
Selenium

A

micro

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29
Q

The extracellular component of Na/K pump

A

Sodium

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30
Q

Cofactor of enzymes involved with prothrombin production

A

Thiamin

31
Q

Vitamin B7

A

Biotin

32
Q

Macro or micro?
Sodium

A

macro

33
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folic acid

34
Q

Macro or micro?
Copper

A

micro

35
Q

An electrolyte that is an intracellular component in acid-base balance

A

Chlorine

36
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamin

37
Q

Sixty to seventy % present in hemoglobin and myoglobin

A

Iron

38
Q

This non-vitamin is involved in fat metabolism

A

Choline

39
Q

You are a poultry producer with laying hens. Your birds are showing reduced growth with poor appetite. You notice when collecting eggs that the eggshells are soft. The birds are kept inside. Which vitamin is the bird possibly deficient in?

A

Vitamin D

40
Q

Functions similarly to Se

A

Alpha-tocopherol acetate

41
Q

The breakdown of fat for energy is a stepwise process that removes two carbons from a fatty acid at a time, called ____________, and this process requires oxygen

A

Lipolysis

42
Q

Tightly regulates absorption and resorption of Ca and P

A

Cholecalciferol

43
Q

You are a pig producer, and you notice your pigs are agitated and difficult to handle. As your walking the pens you note that they have muscle twitching, are holding their heads up, and are high stepping. In your boars you notice head pressing against the sides of the pen. Which vitamin are the pigs possibly deficient in?

A

Vitamin B1

44
Q

Structural component of NAD

A

Niacin

45
Q

Once plasma concentration increases, calcitonin is produced by the _________ to stop resorption from the bone, and stimulates cellular uptake of Ca once again

A

Thyroid

46
Q

Sheep are very sensitive to this trace mineral

A

Copper

47
Q

Avidin can tie up this vitamin associated with TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis

A

Biotin

48
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cyanocobalamin

49
Q

Cobalt is a structural component

A

Cyanocobolamin

50
Q

High levels of this macromineral could cause ‘feedlot polio’

A

Sulfur

51
Q

Macro or micro?
Cobalt

A

micro

52
Q

Like blood sugar regulation, the cellular uptake of fat and other nutrients is stimulated by

A

Insulin

53
Q

Deficiency of this macromineral, generally in the spring, is called grass tetany

A

Magnesium

54
Q

Macro or micro?
Potassium

A

macro

55
Q

Vitamin E

A

Alpha-tocopherol acetate

56
Q

Macro or micro?
Manganese

A

micro

57
Q

Structural component of FAD

A

Riboflavin

58
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

59
Q

Toxicity is called blind staggers and animals usually lose their hooves

A

Selenium

60
Q

_______ is the disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency, which may occur in __________, apes and guinea pigs

A

Scurvy
Humans

61
Q

Important for SAM during periods of rapid DNA synthesis

A

Folic acid

62
Q

By adding phytase enzyme to swine or poultry diets, we can reduce the level of macromineral by 0.1%

A

Phosphorus

63
Q

What would be the typical Ca:P ratio in most animal diets?

A

2:1

64
Q

Most B-vitamins are associated with energy metabolism, which one did we talk about specifically for protein and nitrogen metabolism?

A

B6 Pyridoxine

65
Q

Primary source of sodium and chlorine and an intake limiter

A

Salt

66
Q

Macro or micro?
Zinc

A

micro

67
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pantothenic acid

68
Q

Component of thyroid hormones

A

Iodine

69
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

70
Q

Primates require this vitamin for collagen synthesis and metabolism

A

Ascorbic acid

71
Q

High calcium can interfere with absorption of this micromineral

A

Zinc

72
Q

Roughages (hay/grasses) are usually high in _______ and low in _______

A

Ca,P

73
Q

Like fat, fat soluble vitamins must be incorporated into _________ to be absorbed from the small intestine. The enterocyte then reforms fats into ___________ for them to be absorbed into the lacteal system

A

Micelles
Chylomicron

Nutrition final (2 decks)

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