Exam 3

Question 1

Minerals are divided into 2 categories, ____________ are usually measured in lb/ton, and __________ are measured in ppm or ppb

Answer 1

Macrominerals
Microminerals

Question 2

Which is better for the desired Ca to P ratio in animals, roughages or grains?

Answer 2

Roughages

Question 3

Macro or micro?
Chlorine

Answer 3

macro

Question 4

Structural component of vitamin B12

Answer 4

Cobalt

Question 5

Vitamin B3

Answer 5

Niacin

Question 6

Macro or micro?
Phosphorus

Answer 6

macro

Question 7

Macro or micro?
Sulfur

Answer 7

macro

Question 8

Vitamin D is activated in the kidney, then activates the uptake of which mineral

Answer 8

Calcium

Question 9

Macro or micro?
Iron

Answer 9

micro

Question 10

Macro or micro?
Iodine

Answer 10

micro

Question 11

_________ are used to transport lipids through the lacteal system

Answer 11

Chylomicrons

Question 12

Vitamin D

Answer 12

Cholecalciferol

Question 13

The intracellular component of Na/K pump

Answer 13

Potassium

Question 14

Deficiency might cause night blindness

Answer 14

Retinol

Question 15

Vitamin K

Answer 15

Menadione

Question 16

Obesity is usually attributed to ___ adipose tissue, and the ineffectiveness of ______, the satiety hormone

Answer 16

White
Leptin

Question 17

Structural component of Coenzyme A

Answer 17

Pantothenic acid

Question 18

For most B-vitamins, the most common deficiency signs are _____ and _____

Answer 18

Poor growth
Anorexia

Question 19

A triglyceride is defined as

Answer 19

Three fatty acids bonded (ester) to glycerol

Question 20

Structural component of NAD

Question 21

Vitamin A

Answer 21

Retinol

Question 22

Macro or micro?
Magnesium

Answer 22

macro

Question 23

When there is a decline in Ca plasma concentration, _____________ is produced by the parathyroid to stimulate the kidney to send active vitamin ________ to the gut to increase Ca absorption

Answer 23

Parathyroid hormone
Vitamin D

Question 24

Deficiency causes Beriberi in humans and PEM in cattle

Answer 24

Thiamin

Question 25

Macro or micro? Calcium

Answer 25

macro

Question 26

Exists mainly in a 2:1 ration with phosphorus, in a complex called hydroxyapatite crystals

Answer 26

Calcium

Question 27

Vitamin C

Answer 27

Ascorbic acid

Question 28

Macro or micro? Selenium

Answer 28

micro

Question 29

The extracellular component of Na/K pump

Answer 29

Sodium

Question 30

Cofactor of enzymes involved with prothrombin production

Answer 30

Thiamin

Question 31

Vitamin B7

Answer 31

Biotin

Question 32

Macro or micro? Sodium

Answer 32

macro

Question 33

Vitamin B9

Answer 33

Folic acid

Question 34

Macro or micro? Copper

Answer 34

micro

Question 35

An electrolyte that is an intracellular component in acid-base balance

Answer 35

Chlorine

Question 36

Vitamin B1

Answer 36

Thiamin

Question 37

Sixty to seventy % present in hemoglobin and myoglobin

Answer 37

Iron

Question 38

This non-vitamin is involved in fat metabolism

Answer 38

Choline

Question 39

You are a poultry producer with laying hens. Your birds are showing reduced growth with poor appetite. You notice when collecting eggs that the eggshells are soft. The birds are kept inside. Which vitamin is the bird possibly deficient in?

Answer 39

Vitamin D

Question 40

Functions similarly to Se

Answer 40

Alpha-tocopherol acetate

Question 41

The breakdown of fat for energy is a stepwise process that removes two carbons from a fatty acid at a time, called ____________, and this process requires oxygen

Answer 41

Lipolysis

Question 42

Tightly regulates absorption and resorption of Ca and P

Answer 42

Cholecalciferol

Question 43

You are a pig producer, and you notice your pigs are agitated and difficult to handle. As your walking the pens you note that they have muscle twitching, are holding their heads up, and are high stepping. In your boars you notice head pressing against the sides of the pen. Which vitamin are the pigs possibly deficient in?

Answer 43

Vitamin B1

Question 44

Structural component of NAD

Answer 44

Niacin

Question 45

Once plasma concentration increases, calcitonin is produced by the _________ to stop resorption from the bone, and stimulates cellular uptake of Ca once again

Answer 45

Thyroid

Question 46

Sheep are very sensitive to this trace mineral

Answer 46

Copper

Question 47

Avidin can tie up this vitamin associated with TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis

Answer 47

Biotin

Question 48

Vitamin B12

Answer 48

Cyanocobalamin

Question 49

Cobalt is a structural component

Answer 49

Cyanocobolamin

Question 50

High levels of this macromineral could cause 'feedlot polio'

Answer 50

Sulfur

Question 51

Macro or micro? Cobalt

Answer 51

micro

Question 52

Like blood sugar regulation, the cellular uptake of fat and other nutrients is stimulated by

Answer 52

Insulin

Question 53

Deficiency of this macromineral, generally in the spring, is called grass tetany

Answer 53

Magnesium

Question 54

Macro or micro? Potassium

Answer 54

macro

Question 55

Vitamin E

Answer 55

Alpha-tocopherol acetate

Question 56

Macro or micro? Manganese

Answer 56

micro

Question 57

Structural component of FAD

Answer 57

Riboflavin

Question 58

Vitamin B2

Answer 58

Riboflavin

Question 59

Toxicity is called blind staggers and animals usually lose their hooves

Answer 59

Selenium

Question 60

_______ is the disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency, which may occur in __________, apes and guinea pigs

Answer 60

Scurvy Humans

Question 61

Important for SAM during periods of rapid DNA synthesis

Answer 61

Folic acid

Question 62

By adding phytase enzyme to swine or poultry diets, we can reduce the level of macromineral by 0.1%

Answer 62

Phosphorus

Question 63

What would be the typical Ca:P ratio in most animal diets?

Answer 63

2:1

Question 64

Most B-vitamins are associated with energy metabolism, which one did we talk about specifically for protein and nitrogen metabolism?

Answer 64

B6 Pyridoxine

Question 65

Primary source of sodium and chlorine and an intake limiter

Answer 65

Salt

Question 66

Macro or micro? Zinc

Answer 66

micro

Question 67

Vitamin B5

Answer 67

Pantothenic acid

Question 68

Component of thyroid hormones

Answer 68

Iodine

Question 69

Vitamin B6

Answer 69

Pyridoxine

Question 70

Primates require this vitamin for collagen synthesis and metabolism

Answer 70

Ascorbic acid

Question 71

High calcium can interfere with absorption of this micromineral

Answer 71

Zinc

Question 72

Roughages (hay/grasses) are usually high in _______ and low in _______

Answer 72

Ca,P

Question 73

Like fat, fat soluble vitamins must be incorporated into _________ to be absorbed from the small intestine. The enterocyte then reforms fats into ___________ for them to be absorbed into the lacteal system

Answer 73

Micelles Chylomicron