Exam 3

Question 1

Most important electrolyte loss from N/V/D

Answer 1

Potassium

Question 2

*given in small doses
*can cause hypotension/sedation
*ex: Haldol, promethazine

Answer 2

Dopamine antagonists

Question 3

Serotonin receptor example

Answer 3

Zofran

Question 4

When should vomiting NOT be induced during an overdose

Answer 4

When the substance is unknown

Question 5

Types of laxatives

Answer 5

Osmotic: saline (not for chf or poor renal function
Stimulant:
Bulk forming:fiber
Emollients: stool softeners

Question 6

Where peptic ulcers occur

Answer 6

Stomach(gastric)
Duodenum

Question 7

Types of ulcers

Answer 7

Esophageal
Duodenal
Gastric
GERD

Question 8

*Decrease GI morility/secretions
*Delay gastric emptying time
*Take before meals
*Antacids can slow absorption
*Can cause: dry mouth tachycardia constipation

Answer 8

Anticholinergic medications

Question 9

*Promote uncertainty healing
*take 1 to 3 hours after meals
*assess renal/electrolytes
* give 2 hrs after other medications
*maylox

Answer 9

Antacids

Question 10

*Prevent gastric reflux into the esophagus reducing gastric acid secretions
*ranitidine ‘-tidine’ (zantac/pepcid)
*can cause ha, dizziness,constipation, decreased libido

Answer 10

Histamine 2 blockers

Question 11

*protonix nexium(panta’prazle’)
*Take before meals
*monitor liver
*can cause ha, dizziness, abdominal pain

Answer 11

PPI (proton pump inhibitors)

Question 12

*Sucralfate (carafate)
*non absorbable, combines w protein to form protective layer over ulcer
*can cause constipation
*antacids decrease effect

Answer 12

Mucosal protectant

Question 13

Oral Hypoglycemia medications

Answer 13

Sulfonylureas - glipizide
Nonsulfonylureas- metformin

Question 14

*can cause insulin reaction, GI effects
*Adverse reactions: hematology
*contraindications:type 1, pregnancy, breast feeding, stress

Answer 14

Sulfonylureas (glipizide)

Question 15

*Doesn’t not cause Hypoglycemia
*GI disturbance
*contraindicated in renal failure
*stop taking 2 days prior to surgery

Answer 15

No sulfonylureas (metformin)

Question 16

*onset of DM after adolescents
*dx of DM for less than 5 years
*normal or overweight
*fasting blood glucose < 200mg
*less than 40u insulin daily
*normal renal/hepatic functions

Answer 16

Criteria for use of oral Hypoglycemics

Question 17

When taking oral hypoglycemic medication

Answer 17

*monitor vs
*administer with food
*monitor blood sugar
*teach pt symptoms of hypo/hyper, sick day plan, diet, exercise, glucometer use

Question 18

Fast acting insulin

Answer 18

Humalog
Novalog

Question 19

Intermediate insulin

Answer 19

NPH(humolin/novolin)

Question 20

Long acting insulin

Answer 20

Glargine (lantus)

Question 21

When to give a fast acting insulin

Answer 21

5 minutes before a meal

Question 22

Give 30minutes before meals

Answer 22

Short acting insulin

Question 23

Excessive urination due to excess glucose in the urine

Answer 23

Polyuria

Question 24

Dehydration causing excessive thirst

Answer 24

Polydipsia

Question 25

Excessive hunger(cells not receiving enough glucose)

Answer 25

Polyphagia

Question 26

Glucose elevating agent

Answer 26

Glucagon (IV IM, SC)

Question 27

Short acting insulin

Answer 27

Regular insulin (humulin)

Question 28

When do you give rapid insulin

Answer 28

5 minutes before meals

Question 29

When do you give short acting insulin

Answer 29

May give 30 minutes before meals

Question 30

Treated with levothyroxine Lethargy Dry skin Memory problems Weight gain

Answer 30

Hypothyroidism

Question 31

Weight loss Rapid heart rate Irritable Nervous Bulging eyes

Answer 31

Hyperthyroidism

Question 32

Maintains calcium levels Monitor calcium levels, I&O fluid volume Calcium in look vs bones

Answer 32

HyperPARATHYROID

Question 33

Improves thought process Treats psychosis Interferes with dopamine Can cause psuedoparkinsons(EPS)

Answer 33

Antipsychotic drugs

Question 34

Psuedoparkinsons Shuffling gait,mask life expression,rigidity in movement Needs long term anti Parkinson’s medications

Answer 34

EPS extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 35

Restless, pacing,rocking back and forth

Answer 35

Akasthisia

Question 36

Gum smacking, tongue rolling, chewing motion

Answer 36

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 37

Unexplained high fever, AMS, blood pressure fluctuations, potentially fatal.

Answer 37

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 38

Spasms of muscles in upper part of body head and neck

Answer 38

Acute dystopia

Question 39

Thorazine~calming effect Monitor bp (Hypotension) Can cause lethargy EPS (psuedoparkinsons) Meds effective in about 3 to 6 weeks

Answer 39

Phenothiazines

Question 40

Haldol~Calming effect Photosensitive Monitor bp/cbc Lower dosage for older adults IM or PO

Answer 40

Nonphenothiazines

Question 41

Treats negative and positive psychosis symptoms Not likely to cause EPS(Parkinson’s) or tardive dyskinesia Weight gain Monitor cbc Ex: risperidone

Answer 41

Atypical antipsychotics

Question 42

Normal lithium range

Answer 42

0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L

Question 43

Lithium is given for this disorder

Answer 43

Bipolar affective disorder

Question 44

Problem and solution while taking lithium

Answer 44

Hyponatremia(low sodium) due to lithium drawing salt out of the blood stream Drink 1 to 2 liters of water daily

Question 45

Seizures with an unknown cause is known as

Answer 45

Epilepsy

Question 46

Reasons for seizures: Fever Hypoglycemia Electrolyte imbalance Alcohol/drug withdrawal

Answer 46

Isolated seizures

Question 47

Suppress abnormal electrical impulses from the seizure focus to other cortical areas

Answer 47

Anticonvulsants