Exam 4 Flashcards by Ashley Martin

Preventing clots by inhibiting platelet clumping

Antiplatlet drugs
Aspirin and plavix

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Blocks conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin prolonging clotting

Heparin

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Ways to administer heprin

IV and SC

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1/2 life of heprin

8 hours (3 times a day)

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Therapeutic PTT level

55-85

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Antidote for heprin

Protamine sulfate

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Anticoagulant that last 24 hours

Lovenox

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How is lovenox given

Sub q

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Lovenox antidote

Protamine sulfate

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Inhibits vit k synthesis

Warfrin

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Taken orally and takes 3 to 7 days for action

Warfrin

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Therapeutic PT/INR levels for warfin

2.0 to 3.0

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Warfrin antidote

Vitamin k

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What foods to avoid when taking warfrin

Avoid green leafy foods

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“Xaban” oral tabs works immediately

Xa inhibitors

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Has to be given within 4 hours of acute blood clot
Avoid anticoagulants

Thrombolytics (TPA)

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Good cholesterol

HdL

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Bad cholesterol

LDL

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Resin that binds with bile acids in intestines to lower cholesterol
Causes constipation
Always take with fluids

Bile acid sequestrants

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Vitamin that needs to be taken in large doses to reduce LDL
Causes GI disturbances, elevated BS, flushing and abnormal liver functions

Niacin (b6)

Inhibits cholesterol synthesis in liver
2 to 4 weeks for results
Side effects: fatigue muscle aches
Monitor liver enzymes
Eye exam, risk for clotting

“Statins”

Increases blood flow to extremities
Side effects ortho hypotension dizzy
No alcohol

Vasodialators

Fluid built up around heart

Heart failure

Fluid built up around lungs

Pulmonary edema

Fluid built up in extremeties

Peripheral edema

Fluid built up around heart and lungs

Congestive heart failure

What do you listen for in lungs of someone who has CHF

Crackles in the lungs

Test for heart failure

BNP Normal value less then 100

1/2 life is 36 hours Highly toxic when taken daily Toxic side effects: low heart rate fatigue visual disturbances

Digoxin

Antidote for dioxin toxicity

Digibind

Therapeutic dioxin levels

0.5 to 2.0

What lab levels should always be checked when taking digoxin

Digoxin and potassium levels

When is the heart rate ok to take digoxin dose

When heart rate is over 60. Hold if under 60

Angina

Chest pain

Types if angina

Classic(stable) Unstable Variant

Angina on exertion

Stable(classic)

Angina that is frequent and progressive

Unstable angina

Angina that occurs at rest

Variant angina

Antianginal meds

NBC Nitro Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers

Antiarrythmia meds

ABC Amioderone Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers

Types of diuretics

Osmotic Loop Thiazide K sparing

What to monitor when taking a diuretic

Potassium levels Weights I/Os BP

Don't take with sulfa allergy Iv push or oral only Iv push slowly Monitor bp bun/creat, dehydration

Loop diuretics

Uses of beta blockers 'lol'

Lowers bp, antianginal, antiarrythmic

Calcium channel blockers 'dipine,'

Lowers bp Anianginal Antarrythmic

ACE inhibitors 'pril'

Lowers bp

Alpha andrenergic blockers 'zosin"

Lowers bp Decreases LDL

ARBS angiotension II receptor blockers 'sartan'

Lowers bp