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Parasites > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

Structure

A

Strobila
-Made up of many individual proglottids (segments)
-Older proglottids at the posterior end of the worm
Stabilization–takes place at the anterior end of the worm

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2
Q

Structure pt.2

A

The tegument and muscle fibers of the tapeworm are continuous there for cestodes are not segmented like annelids or arthropods

End of the tapeworm
-Detach
Dissintegrate–apolysis
Be released via pores

The head is a scolex which has holdfast organs that allows the worm to attach to the GI tract
-suckers
-grooves
-hooks
-spines
-glands
-tentacles

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3
Q

Anterior forms of attachment

A

suckers/acetabula
-usually 4 or present
Example
-taenia
–in acetabular worms

bothria
-shallow pits or long grooves
-muscular
usually 4
project from scolex
leaf-like margins

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4
Q

Diphyllobothrium spp.

A

marine mammals–sea lion

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5
Q

Tegument

A

Important in its absorptice capacity
Remember, tapeworkms have no digestive tract
Structure and function of body covering has long been of great interest
-Living tissue with high metabolic activity

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6
Q

Tegument pt.2

A

Tapeworms possess a basic tegument like the trematodes
Outer membrane projects numerous fingerlike projections called microtiches
In the groups–tetraphullideans and trypanorhynchs ‘-highly ornate
have 4 kinds of microtriches existing on the scolex

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7
Q

Reproduction

A

Monecious
usually each segment has a complete set of male and female reproductive structures
Segments mature as they move down posteriorly

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8
Q

Cestodes

A

All tapeworms of humans belong to the groups cyclophyllidea also formerly known as pesudophyllidea
Usually no medical or economical impact
Morphological diversity is astonishing

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9
Q

Diphyllobothriidea

A

Genital pores may be lateral
Life cycle includes crustacean 1st IH and fish 2nd IH

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10
Q

Hexagonoporus physeteris

A

Species in sperm whales
30 meters long
4-14 sets of genetalia
has 45,000 segments (stobula)

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11
Q

Caryophyllidea

A

Most are intestinal parasites of freshwater fishes
Monozoic
-Very simple–scolex has depressions called loculi
- lack a scolex in some species
Anterior end is very motile
Earthworm has intermediate host

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12
Q

Spathebothriidea

A

Parasites of marine and freshwater fish
Complete absence of segmentation
possess a linear series of internal proglottids
Scolex unarmed
No life cycle known

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13
Q

Tetraphyllidea

A

GET INFO

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14
Q

Order cyclophyllidea

A

Generally tapeworms of birds and mammals
Possess four symmetrically arranged cup suckers or acetabular
Rosrellum may or may not possess hooks
Most species small
Genital pores usually lateral
Non ciliated embryo
Non-operculate shell

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15
Q

Taenidae

A

larval stages are called metacestodes
mammals serve as intermediate hosts

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16
Q

Taenia solium

A

Humans can be the DH or IH host
metacestode(larval) form: cysticercus
If DH will have long worms in the GI tract

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17
Q

Dipylidiidae

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A

Dipylidium caninum
-each proglottid has two sets of reproductive organs
Rostellum is armed
Proglottids are active

Cosmopolitan and also found in cats and wild cats

18
Q

Anatomy dipluidiidae

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A

In each uterine pocket, there’s 8-15 eggs
eggs are spherical
hooklets are small
the disintegration of proglottids leads to the release of eggs, usually found intact with the mother envelope

19
Q

Life cycle continued diplidiidae

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A

Eggs are ingested by larval stages of ectoparasitic insects, especially fleas, lice have also been implicated

A larval stage is found in a cystecercoid is found in the arthropod intermediate host (hyperparasitism example)

When ingested the cysticercoid is liberated and attaches to the DH intestine, to complete development

20
Q

Anoplocephalidae

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A

Monezia
- Hooved animals serve as DH
-Large tapeworms up to 6 meters
-Proglottids are more wise than long
-Two sets of reproductive organs
Scolex is unarmed

21
Q

monezia Anatomy

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A

Sheep cattle and goats,
Monezia benedeni
eggs are square in shape
Monezia expanse
-eggs are more triangluar
Eggs possess a pyriform apparatus and an embryophore with hook, or horn like extensions

IH is a mite

22
Q

Mesocestoides

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A

widespread in carnicores
wordwide distribiton
some consider this group a distinct order

Morphology
Medioventral position of genital pores
-diagnostic of the genus

Soclex has 4 simple suckers
no rostellum
each proglottid has a single set of reproductive organs

23
Q

Mesocestoides life cycle

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A

The complete life cycle is not known but many have a rodent or reptile intermediate host

has a larval tapeworm form is known as an [terathyridium] it is a characteristic of this genus

unusual in that it may undergo asexual reproduction in a definitive host. Not by budding but by longitudinal fission.

24
Q

Nematodes

Study These Flashcards
A

Among the most abundant animals on earth

Nematodes are free living or parasitic
75 percent live in marine , freshwater, or soil habitats
Many s[ecies parasitize plants or insects

25
Nemtodes antonmy
Bilaterally symmetrical Elongated Tapered at both ends Possess a pseudocel Complete GI tract Body is covered in non-cellular cuticles secreted by the hypodermis underneath Cuticle sheds a number of times during development. Muscles Secretory and excretory system Most are dioecious Considerable sexual dimoprhosem Females larger vary in size from 1mm to 10 meters
26
Form and Function Nematodes
(Look at Slides)
27
Dioctophyme renale
in a lot of mammals
28
Morphology of dioctophyme
Morphology, large nematode blood red in color with blunt ends
29
Life cycle
Few weeks to three months to embryonated temperature dependent
30
Epidemiology
Any large mammal may serve as a definitive host fish diet herbivoes
31
Pathology of kidney worm
loss of kidney finction worms may penetrate renal capsule and wander the coelomic cavity
32
Calodium hepatica
A parasite of the liver predomitnly rodents eggs deposited in liver Transmission depends on eggs being released from liver Consumption by a predator decomposition of liver tissue after crath eggs can not develop in the liver
33
Calodium hepatica
Eggs released from definitive host or pass through GU treat of predator Wandering adults through liver causes damage losses of liver cells loss of liver function large areas of parenchyma hepatomegaly host immune response granulomatous tissue infilitration of eosinophils and leukocytes
34
Capillarids
lung parasite of dogs, cats, cand other carnicores -eucoleus aeophilus Eucoleus annulata requires earthworm as a host, affects esphogus and crop of birds
35
Tylencha
Strongyloidses - infects humans, dogs, cats, non-human primates, other mammals in many cases stronglyoides has a remarkable ability to maintain homogonic, parasitic. lifecycles, or repeat free living generation, depending on conditions
36
Stronglyoides morphology
both sexes have a rhabditiform esophagus Parasitic females can burrow in small intestine produce a thinshelled partially embryonotic egg -eggs typically hatch as they pass through the GI tract Usually L, s in the feces of mammals juveniles can develop in the feces
37
Strongloides stercolralis
Free licing addults produce generations of free living infects birds homogonic heterogonic - some humans have been infected with this usually infected through contacting juveniles in contaminated soil and water transmammary infection can occur in dogs predominantly a tropical disease prevalent in poor sanitary conditions pathology - worms may migrate into skin destructions of tissues by adults and larval forms fibrosis in chronic cases and septicema can lead to death diagnosis--baermann and serodiagnosis by ELISA for antigens
38
Phylum nematomoprha--hairworms
parasites of arthropods beetles and crickets elongated active worms known for occurring in tangled masses resembling a gordian knot
39
Life cycle nema
occurence in water is a normal part of the life cycle Occur as juveniles in arthropods develop to near maturity befotr leaving host transition to adult occurs in water quickly
40
Nematompoprpha
Phylum has 300 species Nectonematida -contains 5 marine species Gordiida -freshwater
41
Nematom morphology
Females larger than males have dorsal and ventral rows of bristles body wall -thick cuticle homogenous outer layer several inner fibrious layers cuticle ornate with areoles raised polygon shaped areas papillae bristles digestive simplistic as an adult locomation 0 many coiling movements body form -separate sexes -most of adule body cavity filled with water little is known about physiology - worms unable to be rated in a laboratory

Parasites (2 decks)

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