Exam 3

Question 1

An increased physiological need for alcohol to achieve the same effect is most likely to be associated with

Answer 1

Substance dependence (tolerance)

Question 2

Which of the following brain areas is most impacted by chronic alcohol use?

Answer 2

Prefrontal cortex

Question 3

The main goal of the medication naltrexone is to reduce drinking by:

Answer 3

Lowering cravings

Question 4

pathological substance use that involved potentially hazardous behavior or continued use despite persistent social, psychological, occupational, or health problems

Answer 4

substance abuse

Question 5

physical symptoms such as sweating, tremors upon discontinuation

Answer 5

withdrawal symptoms

Question 6

third leading preventable cause of death in the United States

Answer 6

alcohol related causes

Question 7

________ has some of the highest rates of alcohol use disorders

Answer 7

Russia

Question 8

common conception that alcohol use is relatively high in ___________

Answer 8

college students

Question 9

average person can metabolize ________ of alcohol per hour

Answer 9

7-10g (1 standard beer)

Question 10

alcohol stimulates ___________ that release _______________

Answer 10

“pleasure circuits,” endogenous opioids

Question 11

brain effects of chronic drinking:

Answer 11

ventricles are larger
brain shrinkage
grey matter volume is reduced

Question 12

________ are time when intoxicated person cannot recall key details of events

Answer 12

Blackouts

Question 13

certain blocks of time they can’t recall

Answer 13

fragmentary

Question 14

rare, not being able to recall anything

Answer 14

en bloc

Question 15

Antabuse

Answer 15

older medication for alcohol abuse
triggers vomiting after drinking
compliance issues, little benefit for actually reducing alcohol abuse

Question 16

____________ are used to help with withdrawal symptoms

Answer 16

Tranquilizers (ex. valium, librium)
particularly for alcohol dependent individuals, popular during detox but not after (risk for dependence)

Question 17

Harm reduction approach for alcohol use disorder

Answer 17

Naltraxone

Question 18

alcohol use disorder is one the few psychiatric disorders where first-line treatment is __________________

Answer 18

psychological treatment (psychotherapy)

Question 19

Most popular form of alcohol use treatment

Answer 19

Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 20

AA more effective than cognitive behavior therapy or motivational interviewing for ______________ for up to 3 years

Answer 20

helping people remain abstinent

Question 21

Largest clinical trial of psychotherapies ever

Answer 21

Project MATCH

Question 22

Project MATCH found that 12-step facilitation (similar to AA), cognitive-behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement therapy were _____________
no ___________ effects for treatment

Answer 22

equally effective
matching

Question 23

Heavy marijuana use is associated with which neurocognitive effects:

Answer 23

Forming memories
Recalling of events
Shifting of attention

Question 24

Heavy marijuana use is associated with irreversible neurocognitive deficits. That is, even after cessation of marijuana use the neurocognitive impacts will linger for a lifetime.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

_____________ is associated with the greatest dopamine levels in the brain

Answer 25

methamphetamine

Question 26

__________ is most likely to be associated with a surge of euphoria followed by wakeful and drowsy states

Answer 26

heroin

Question 27

There was a dramatic increase in fatal overdoses associated with the widespread availability of which synthetic drug?

Answer 27

fentanyl

Question 28

Which of the following statements about methadone is FALSE: Methadone acts on opioid receptors Methadone blocks the effects of heroin Patients develop tolerance to methadone Patients are usually tapered quickly off of methadone

Answer 28

Patients are usually tapered quickly off of methadone

Question 29

Which eating disorder involves repeated regurgitation of the same food?

Answer 29

Rumination disorder

Question 30

Which eating disorder is characterized by eating a much larger amount of food than most people and not being able to control overeating?

Answer 30

Binge eating disorder

Question 31

Of these medical providers, which one could be most likely to identify the purging type of bulimia? Dentist Lawyer Chiropractor Homeopath

Answer 31

Dentist

Question 32

What is the relationship between viewing media (TV, magazines) and bulimia symptoms in adolescents?

Answer 32

Greater media watching is associated with increased bulimia symptoms

Question 33

Of these treatment options, which treatment appears to be most effective for the treatment of bulimia? CBT Psychodynamic treatment Placebo

Answer 33

CBT

Question 34

Which characteristic best differentiates anorexia from bulimia?

Answer 34

The person’s weight (distance from expected weight)

Question 35

What is the first goal for inpatient treatment for anorexia?

Answer 35

Restoring or increasing weight

Question 36

Which schizophrenia spectrum disorder is best characterized by odd or eccentric behavior, belief that they have special powers, and difficulty with social relationships?

Answer 36

Schizotypal personality disorder

Question 37

Which of the following potential causes of schizophrenia has the least empirical support? double bind hypothesis hypofrontality brain structure abnormalities genetic contributions

Answer 37

double bind hypothesis

Question 38

Thorazine appears to block the activity of which neurotransmitter?

Answer 38

dopamine

Question 39

The newer medications, atypical antipsychotics, are more effective (in terms of symptom reduction) compared to the older, traditional antipsychotics.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Which of these symptoms/functioning is cognitive therapy for schizophrenia designed to primarily treat?

Answer 40

negative symptoms

Question 41

Although medication is typically a first-line treatment for those with schizophrenia, ___________ treatments can also be very helpful adjunctive treatments (i.e., in addition to medication treatments) for many individuals.

Answer 41

psychosocial

Question 42

three broad categories of schizophrenia symptoms:

Answer 42

positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms

Question 43

positive symptoms of schizophrenia typically include _______ and _______

Answer 43

hallucinations, delusions

Question 44

positive symptoms are also referred to as ___________

Answer 44

psychotic symptoms

Question 45

Heavy drinking during pregnancy can cause ____________.

Answer 45

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Children with this disorder can have facial abnormalities and intellectual developmental disorder.

Question 46

Apathy, or _________, refers to diminished motivation and a seeming absence of interest or persistence in what are usually routine activities, including work or school, hobbies, or social activities.

Answer 46

avolition

Question 47

_______, refers to the amount of pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of something pleasurable.

Answer 47

consummatory pleasure

Question 48

________, refers to the amount of expected or anticipated pleasure from future events or activities.

Answer 48

anticipatory pleasure

Question 49

________ refers to a lack of outward expression of emotion.

Answer 49

Blunted affect

Question 50

Also known as formal thought disorder, __________ refers to problems in organizing ideas and in speaking so that a listener can understand.

Answer 50

disorganized speech

Question 51

People with this symptom may gesture repeatedly, using peculiar and sometimes complex sequences of finger, hand, and arm movements, which often seem to be purposeful.

Answer 51

catatonia

Question 52

This type of study begins with one or two biological parents with schizophrenia and follows their children longitudinally to identify how many of them develop schizophrenia and what types of childhood neurobiological and behavioral factors may predict the disorder’s onset.

Answer 52

familial high-risk study

Question 53

The smoke coming from the burning end of a cigarette, called ____________ or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), contains higher concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar than does the smoke inhaled by the smoker.

Answer 53

secondhand smoke

Question 54

___________, which is much stronger than marijuana, is produced by removing and drying the resin exudate of the tops of cannabis plants.

Answer 54

Hashish

Question 55

__________ consists of the dried and crushed leaves and flowering tops of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.

Answer 55

Marijuana

Question 56

Amphetamines are _______ stimulants; cocaine is a _______ stimulant extracted from the coca leaf.

Answer 56

synthetic, natural

Question 57

___________ are recurrences of perceptual experiences after the physiological effects of the drug have worn off. In DSM-5, the diagnostic category hallucinogen persisting perception disorder involves re-experiences of flashbacks and other perceptual symptoms that occurred during hallucinogen use, even though the drug is no longer used.

Answer 57

Flashbacks