Exam 4 Flashcards by Salina H Huy

Faking or exaggerating symptoms for a secondary gain (e.g., financial benefits) is known as:

Malingering

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________________ was a DSM-IV disorder that was dropped from the DSM-5.

Somatization disorder

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A patient reports losing all feeling in his left arm with no apparent medical explanation. What diagnosis is most likely to apply:

conversion disorder

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What is the major characteristic that distinguishes Illness Anxiety Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder?

The presence of physical symptoms.

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The ability to engage in activities without conscious awareness (e.g., driving without paying conscious attention at all times) is know as?

dissociation

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The increase in Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) that coincided with the publication and popularity of the book Sybil (and later the movie) is consistent with which perspective about the origins of DID?

Socio-cognitive view

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Cognitive neuroscience research on memory function in DID is consistent with the idea that:

the identities in DID are NOT distinct

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A person wanders off from his family and starts up a new life in a new town. This person is most likely to be diagnosed with:

Dissociative fugue

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What are the domains typically considered in the definition of personality disorders?

Cognition (ways of perceiving self/others)
Affectivity (range, intensity, lability)
Interpersonal functioning
Impulse control

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The majority of people with a personality disorder are diagnosed with _______________ personality disorder.

more than one

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Which personality disorder is characterized by a lack of desire for close interpersonal relationships?

Schizoid personality disorder

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Someone highly concerned with details, rules, schedules, and doing things “the right way” is most likely to be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

Obsessive Compulsive personality disorder

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Psychopathy has the most in common with which of the following personality disorders?

Antisocial personality disorder

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Which personality disorder is best characterized by unstable interpersonal relationships, emotional lability, and identity confusion?

Borderline personality disorder

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What are the major components of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)?

Mindfulness/acceptance
Distress tolerance (becoming better at tolerating distress)
Emotion regulation
Interpersonal effectiveness

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The experience of distress due to the strong belief that they were born the wrong sex and thus have a strong desire to be of the opposite sex is known as:

gender dysphoria

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Gender identity conversion treatment is an effective evidence-based treatment for gender dysphoria.

FALSE

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Male-to-female reassignment eliminates male problems, such as prostate cancer and an inability to bear children

FALSE

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There is a reduction in _________________ among people who receive gender-affirming reassignment surgery.

mental health treatment and hospitalizations following a suicide

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Mild performance anxiety during sexual activity in healthy adults has what impact on sexual arousal?

It increases sexual arousal.

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The practice of observing, in order to become sexually aroused, an unsuspecting person undressing or naked is referred to as:

voyeurism

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physical symptoms or complaints not fully explained by a medical condition or biological explanation

somatic symptom disorders

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create or fabricate symptoms with no secondary gain

factitious disorder

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CBT is useful for ____________ about somatic symptoms but does not _______________

reducing distress, tend to reduce the somatic symptoms

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fears or beliefs of having a serious disease based on a misinterpretation of bodily symptoms

hypochondriasis

preoccupied they have a serious illness when somatic symptoms are NOT present (or very mild)

illness anxiety disorder

symptoms/deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological condition without a neurological cause

conversion disorder

Conversion disorder is often in response to _________________

life stress or trauma

Partial paralysis, pseudoseizures, and "hysterical" blindness (partial blindness) are examples of

conversion disorder

"glove anesthesia"

numbness in hand with parts that are covered in gloves

conversion symptoms tend to disappear within _________ but can last __________

2 weeks, for years

psychodynamic theories for etiology of conversion disorder?

primary role of unconcious symptoms are resolving inner conflict ex. urge to harm somebody, person wakes up with numb arm resolves conflict (person may not be aware of inner conflict)

the mind's ability to engage in activities outside of conscious awareness

dissociation

daydreaming, missing parts of conversations, driving without paying conscious attention, automatic behaviors

dissociation

Dissociative Identity Disorder was formerly known as _______________

Multiple Personality Disorder

Sharp increase of cases of _____________ after the publication of "Sybil" in 1973

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Child defends against trauma by dissociating is consistent with the _________ view of the origin of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

traumagenic

Sociocognitive view of the origin of DID states that DID is iatrogenic (_______________________)

treatment creates diagnosis

Labeling a patient as DID may suggest a _______________

poorer outcome

inability to recall important personal information that cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

dissociative amnesia

sudden unexpected travel from home or one's customary place of work with an inability to recall one's past

Dissociative Fugue subtype

confusion about personal identity or assumption of a new identity

Dissociative Fugue subtype

General Personality Disorder is an ____________ pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from expectations of the individual's culture.

enduring stable onset in childhood or adolescence

rates of personality disorders are relatively ________

low

so rare that DSM-5 contemplated removing:

Paranoid PD (2%) Histrionic PD (2%) Schizoid PD (1%?) Dependent PD (0.5%)

Personality Disorder Clusters Cluster A: Odd Eccentric

Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal

Personality Disorder Clusters Cluster B: Dramatic/Erratic

Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic Antisocial

Personality Disorder Clusters Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful

Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive

___________ tends to be a little bit more grounded in reality than delusional disorder

Paranoid PD

controversy over inclusion of Schizoid PD in DSM because....

does not affect functioning, people with schizoid PD are happy

Treatment for __________ emphasizes social skill training

schizoid PD

Odd beliefs (ex. believe they have special powers) Eccentric speech Eccentric behavior and appearance Social anxiety

Schizotypal PD 'Mild' schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms

Fearful of criticism, rejection, disapproval, embarrassment, reluctant to enter relationships but DESIRE RELATIONSHIPS

Avoidant PD

Main difference between people with Social Anxiety Disorder and Avoidant PD:

feelings of low self-worth, incompetence

Psychopathy (sociopathy) describes __________, not a __________

personality traits diagnosis

DSM-5 antisocial personality disorder overlaps with ___________

psychopathy

lack of response to punishment and do not learn from punishment signals

psychopathy

levels of testosterone may play a role in ___________

psychopathy

reduced orbital frontal function

among psychopaths

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others

antisocial personality disorder

"it is virtually impossible to achieve collaboration with an ________ patient in ordinary dyadic therapy"

antisocial

tendency to view other people negatively is the social perception in ___________

borderline personality disorder

complex, multifaceted treatment for borderline personality disorder, includes group and individual interventions and extensive therapist support

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Dialectical Behavior Therapy is NEVER about.....

controlling thoughts

_________ is a person's inherent sense of being male or female (distinct from sexual orientation)

Gender identity

Exceedingly challenging to gain access to ______________

gender affirming treatments

sexually attracted to non-living items (can't be aroused in absence of them)

fetishism

exposing genitals to unsuspecting strangers

exhibitionism

sexual arousal in inflicting pain

sexual sadism

sexual arousal in suffering pain

sexual masochism

sexual attraction to children

pedophilia

Two forms of psychodynamic treatment of borderline personality disorder, called ___________ and _____________, have shown positive results.

transference-focused therapy, mentalization therapy

___________________ places emphasis on the relationship with the therapist and on the powerful feelings that clients with borderline personality disorder sometimes develop toward their therapists. The therapist helps clients consider parallels between their response to the therapist and their experiences in other relationships, as a way of helping clients understand and manage their relationships in a healthier manner

Transference-focused therapy

Because many people with borderline personality disorder tend to respond quickly and impulsively to emotions, _______________ focuses on helping clients to be more reflective about their own feelings and those of other people, to avoid acting automatically without thinking when emotions or interpersonal stressors occur

mentalization therapy

Marsha Linehan developed ___________ to treat borderline personality disorder, and it is considered the best validated approach.

dialectical behavior therapy

Strong need to be the center of attention Inappropriate sexually seductive behavior Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions Use of physical appearance to draw attention to self Speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail Exaggerated, theatrical emotional expression Being overly suggestible Misreading relationships as more intimate than they are

histrionic personality disorder

Sexual desire, often associated with sexually arousing fantasies or thoughts

Sexual interest

Self-perceptions of sexual excitement

Subjective arousal

Changes in blood flow to genitalia, which can be measured by penile or vaginal plethysmography

Biological arousal

Post-orgasm phase; for men further erection is not possible during a refractory period

Resolution

defined by ejaculation that occurs too quickly

premature ejaculation

persistent difficulty in ejaculating

delayed ejaculation disorder

most prevalent sexual dysfunction in males

premature ejaculation

least common sexual dysfunction in men

delayed ejaculation disorder

Consistent with what Bill experienced in the Clinical Case, DSM-5 defines “premature” as less than __ minute after the penis is inserted. This was chosen based on cross-national studies showing that the median time to ejaculation is __ minutes after penis insertion

1, 5

refers to deficient or absent sexual fantasies and urges

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

failure to attain or maintain an erection through completion of the sexual activity

erectile disorder

persistent absence or reduced intensity of orgasm after sexual excitement

Female orgasmic disorder

persistent deficits in sexual interest, biological arousal, or subjective arousal

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

The focus of sexual desire and urges in ______________ is on touching an unsuspecting person. The person with this disorder may rub his penis against a woman’s thighs or buttocks or fondle her breasts or genitals. These attacks typically occur in places such as a crowded bus or sidewalk that provide an easy means of escape.

frotteuristic disorder

Although some men experience recurrent pain during sex, very few men seek treatment for it. For this reason, the DSM-5 criteria focus on women for ________________

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

_________ refers to sexual relations between close relatives for whom marriage is forbidden.

Incest

Incest is listed as a subtype of ____________.

pedophilic disorder

The core feature of the _____________ is recurrent sexual attraction to unusual objects or activities, lasting at least 6 months

paraphilic disorders

________________ involves a disconcerting and disruptive sense of detachment from one’s self or surroundings.

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

______________ is defined by a sense of being detached from one’s self (e.g., being an observer outside one’s body)

Depersonalization

____________ is defined by a sense of detachment from one’s surroundings, such that the surroundings seem unreal.

Derealization

The DSM-5 includes three major dissociative disorders:

depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative amnesia, and dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder).

In tests of ___________, researchers might ask a person to remember words. In tests of ____________, researchers determine if the word lists have subtler effects on performance.

explicit memory, implicit memory

The information we store or remember unconsciously is called _____________, while the information we memorize consciously is known as ______________.

implicit memory, explicit memory

The sociocognitive model, then, implies that DID could be ____________ (created within treatment) in that the person often learns to role-play these symptoms within treatment.

iatrogenic

Grandiose view of one’s importance Preoccupation with one’s success, brilliance, beauty Belief that one is special and can be understood only by other high-status people Extreme need for admiration Strong sense of entitlement Tendency to exploit others Lack of empathy Envy of others Arrogant behavior or attitudes

Narcissistic personality disorder

As adults, people with ________________ show irresponsible behaviors, such as working inconsistently, breaking laws, being irritable and physically aggressive, defaulting on debts, being reckless and impulsive, and neglecting to plan ahead.

antisocial personality disorder