Exam 3

Question 1

Why do we use an incentive spirometer?

Answer 1

prevent pneumonia by encouraging patients to breathe deeply

Question 2

What causes a barrel chest?

Answer 2

air trapped in the alveoli

Question 3

What does the epiglottis prevent?

Answer 3

food and liquid from entering the lungs

Question 4

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 4

alveoli

Question 5

What people groups is influenza most serious for?

Answer 5

children, elderly, and immune compromised

Question 6

Lobar, viral, and broncho are all types of what?

Answer 6

pneumonia

Question 7

What should be included in a teaching about tuberculosis?

Answer 7

respiratory isolation, night sweats, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood)

Question 8

What is asthma?

Answer 8

chronic, intermittent, reversible condition of the lungs

Question 9

What is atelectasis?

Answer 9

collapse of the alveoli

Question 10

What are the components of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

Answer 10

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 11

What are the nursing interventions to prevent atelectasis?

Answer 11

incentive spirometer, cough/deep breathe, and increased mobility

Question 12

What are the triggers for asthma exacerbations?

Answer 12

allergens

Question 13

What type of necrosis is associated with tuberculosis? How does tissue appear?

Answer 13

caseous necrosis
cottage cheese like

Question 14

What are the interventions for a pneumothorax?

Answer 14

chest tube

Question 15

What condition is commonly found by a mother tasting her baby’s salty skin?

Answer 15

cystic fibrosis

Question 16

What can you teach a patient with cystic fibrosis?

Answer 16

-secretions will be thick
-its autosomal recessive
-increased respiratory infection risk
-intensive chest physiotherapy

Question 17

Where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 17

kidney

Question 18

What are the manifestations of acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 18

flank pain, CVA (costovertebral angle) tenderness, fever, chills, cloudy urine

Question 19

Hypovolemia, hypotension, and fluid loss are associated with what condition?

Answer 19

pre-renal kidney injury

Question 20

What are the manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 20

urinary hesitancy

Question 21

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

Answer 21

bone reabsorption

Question 22

What can result in kyphosis?

Answer 22

age, osteoporosis, and disk degeneration

Question 23

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for fibromyalgia?

Answer 23

fatigue, pain

Question 24

What are the signs of compartment syndrome?

Answer 24

pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis

Question 25

How is nephritic syndrome characterizes?

Answer 25

gross hematuria and inflammatory injury of the kidney

Question 26

What can lead to kidney stones?

Answer 26

excess calcium and pH changes

Question 27

What type of kidney injury is the client who hemorrhaged due to trauma at risk for?

Answer 27

pre-renal

Question 28

What are the best indicator of kidney function?

Answer 28

GFR and creatinine

Question 29

What is the main symptom of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 29

proteinuria

Question 30

What is the priority intervention for a client with renal calculi?

Answer 30

strain all urine

Question 31

What is hydronephrosis?

Answer 31

urine backup and dilation of renal structures

Question 32

What are the manifestations of UTI?

Answer 32

dysuria, suprapubic pain, frequency

Question 33

What is the pathologic feature of osteoarthritis?

Answer 33

loss of articular cartilage

Question 34

What is the most common malignant bone tumor?

Answer 34

osteosarcoma

Question 35

What describes a joint that is fused and stiff?

Answer 35

ankylosis

Question 36

How is gout characterized?

Answer 36

uric acid crystals in the tissues (usually big toe)

Question 37

What type of fracture is caused by bone that is already weakened by disease?

Answer 37

pathologic

Question 38

What type of kidney injury is caused by an enlarged prostate?

Answer 38

post-renal

Question 39

painful urination

Answer 39

dysuria

Question 40

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by low b.p./volume, cardiac dysfunction, or hemorrhaging?

Answer 40

prerenal kidney in jury

Question 41

What type of acute kidney injury is caused by acute tubular necrosis (impaired blood supply), hemolytic uremic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, or prolonged drug exposure?

Answer 41

intrarenal kidney injury

Question 42

What type of acute kidney in jury is caused by ureter/bladder obstruction or dysfunction (stones, tumors, BPH)?

Answer 42

postrenal kidney injury

Question 43

What is chronic kidney disease?

Answer 43

gradual loss of renal function

Question 44

What is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 44

diabetes mellitus

Question 45

During what stage of chronic kidney disease would a patient begin dialysis?

Answer 45

stage IV (5), or when GFR drops less than 15

Question 46

What is known as the separation of two bones at a joint?

Answer 46

dislocation

Question 47

Heberden's nodes and Bouchard's nodes are common manifestations of what condition?

Answer 47

osteoarthritis

Question 48

What is ankylosis?

Answer 48

stiffening of a joint due to bone fusion

Question 49

What type of arthritis are osteophytes associated with?

Answer 49

osteoarthritis

Question 50

What type of fracture is characterized by a single break with bone ends maintaining their alignment and position?

Answer 50

simple fracture

Question 51

What type of fracture occurs with a twisting motion of the bone; common in abuse cases?

Answer 51

spiral fractures

Question 52

What kind of fracture is characterized by an angled break?

Answer 52

oblique

Question 53

What type of fracture is characterized by multiple fracture lines and bone pieces?

Answer 53

comminuted

Question 54

What kind of fracture is an incomplete break where bone is bent and only outer curvature of bone is broken, and is common in children due to minimal calcification?

Answer 54

greenstick fracture

Question 55

What kind of fracture is common is osteoporosis and is characterized by bone crushing or collapsing into small pieces?

Answer 55

compression fractures

Question 56

increased outward curvature of the thoracic spine?

Answer 56

kyphosis

Question 57

What fracture complication is characterized by increased pressure in a compartment? What are the 6Ps?

Answer 57

compartment syndrome -pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis, and poikilothermia

Question 58

Sprain

Answer 58

stretching or tearing of a ligament

Question 59

strain

Answer 59

stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon

Question 60

What type of of bone tumor begins in the bone cells?

Answer 60

osteosarcoma

Question 61

what type of bone tumor has an unknown origin, and may begin in nerve tissue within the bone?

Answer 61

Ewing sarcoma

Question 62

What are examples of ventilation conditions/alterations?

Answer 62

asthma, cystic fibrosis, COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, pleural effusion, pneumothorax

Question 63

What do the sinuses do in the respiratory system?

Answer 63

warm, moisten, and filter incoming air

Question 64

What does alcohol do to respiratory cilia?

Answer 64

causes them to be hypoactive

Question 65

What condition is associated with the term blue bloaters?

Answer 65

chronic bronchitis -weight gain and cyanosis

Question 66

What condition is associated with the term pink puffers?

Answer 66

emphysema -pinkish and pursed-lip breathing

Question 67

What is the treatment for pleural effusion?

Answer 67

chest drainage tube (remove fluid from pleural cavity)

Question 68

What is a common cause of mediastinal shift?

Answer 68

pleural effusion

Question 69

What is PRICE? What condition do we use this for?

Answer 69

protect, rest, ice, compression, elevation sprain (ligament)

Question 70

Where are fractures common in individuals with osteoporosis?

Answer 70

wrist, hip, and spine

Question 71

What manifestation is most significant with Paget disease?

Answer 71

hypercalcemia

Question 72

What type of arthritis is pannus(extra growth) formation common in?

Answer 72

rheumatoid arthritis