Exam 3

Question 1

What rule in some pro sports places a limit on the total compensation that a team can use for players’ salaries?

Answer 1

salary cap

Question 2

Which professional sports league is exempt from the Sherman Antitrust Act?

Answer 2

Major League Baseball (MLB)

Question 3

What term is used to describe the notion that teams need to do what’s best for the league and not individual teams?

Answer 3

League think

Question 4

Name the 3 main constituents that make up professional sports.

Answer 4

labor, management, governance

Question 5

Define free agency.

Answer 5

Free agency is the ability of players, after fulfilling an agreed-upon number of years of service with a team, to sell their services to another team with limited or no compensation to the team that loses the players.

Question 6

For which of the following administrative positions is it imperative that the administrator understand NCAA and conference rules and regulations?

Answer 6

compliance officer

Question 7

Initially, intercollegiate athletics began as class games, which eventually became intercollegiate contests, and these games and contests were controlled by __________.

Answer 7

students

Question 8

The basic function of a _________________ is to establish rules and regulations that support and sustain a level playing field for member institutions while creating in-season and postseason competitive opportunities.

Answer 8

conference

Question 9

Which of the following jobs at the collegiate level includes the following responsibilities: schedules, maintains, and improves the facility; manages contests, including security, ticketing, and time schedule; manages risk.

Answer 9

event and facility manager

Question 10

Name the three subdivisions of Division I in the NCAA.

Answer 10

FCS, FBS, division I (no football)

Question 11

Which media form has influenced the popularity of professional sport more than any other media form?

Answer 11

television

Question 12

_____________ revenues are generated when leagues and teams grant merchandise and apparel manufacturers the right to use their names and logos

Answer 12

licensing

Question 13

Which of the following positions for a professional sports team is responsible for creating and administering grassroots functions, such as clinics and other charitable events that the team sponsors?

Answer 13

community relations

Question 14

Which of the following positions for a professional sports team is responsible for assisting and working with the media by providing information necessary for game coverage and publicity?

Answer 14

media relations

Question 15

Workers are given the right to form a labor union by which of the following?

Answer 15

National labor relations act

Question 16

Which of the following governing bodies was viewed as a legitimate competitor of the NCAA in the 1970s?

Answer 16

NAIA

Question 17

Division __________ is the largest of the NCAA.

Answer 17

III

Question 18

Name at least 3 of the criteria used for division classification in the NCAA.

Answer 18

1. size of athletic department’s budget
2. number of sports offered
3. type of sports offered (team or individual)
4. attendance at games and seating capacity in stadiums and arenas
5. existence of athletic grants-in-aid (whether the institution offers scholarships)

Question 19

What was the name of the national organization that governed US women’s intercollegiate athletics from 1971 to 1981?

Answer 19

association for intercollegiate athletics for women (AIAW)

Question 20

Which of the following governing bodies was the first to offer post-season opportunities to Black student-athletes?

Answer 20

NAIA

Question 21

Professional sport can be traced back to ancient ___________.

Answer 21

Greece

Question 22

According to the video seen in class, how much of the annual giving to the University of Michigan occurred during football season?

Answer 22

60-70%

Question 23

What is revenue sharing and why do professional sports leagues use it?

Answer 23

1. when teams function together collectively, some teams sacrifice the potential for higher revenue in the interest of league stability.
2. the key is that all members make sacrifices and concessions for the long-term benefit and growth of the league.
3. each league is different in what revenue they share, but examples of revenue sources that re dispersed equally among member teams are media deals, merchandise, and sponsorship (league-wide) deals.

Question 24

What is an SWA and why is this role important for athletic departments?

Answer 24

Senior Women’s Administrator–The female athletic department’s employee with the highest seniority, puts a women as a part of all athletic decisions

Question 25

What is a player draft and what is the purpose of it?

Answer 25

Designed to be an equitable system for distributing new talent among all league members, a player draft provides teams with poor records an advantage over teams with winning records in acquiring talented new players.

Question 26

Name the four primary sources of revenue for professional sports teams.

Answer 26

1. media contracts 2. gate receipts 3. licensing and merchandising revenues 4. sponsorships

Question 27

what role did president Theodore Roosevelt play in the development of college sport in the United States?

Answer 27

hosted two White House conferences on football in 1905. He summoned people from Harvard, Yale and Princeton Universities in order to encourage the representatives to carry out both the letter and the spirit of the football rules. Led to the formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS) which became the NCAA in 1910.

Question 28

what was the relationship between the NCAA and the NAIA in the 1970s? how has that relationship changed?

Answer 28

In the 1970s, the NCAA and NAIA were both very large and the NAIA was considered a realistic competitor of the NCAA, similar to a David and Goliath type relationship. They are now closer to a partnership where they sort of work together.

Question 29

How do the Power Five conferences exert influence and control over decision making in the NCAA?

Answer 29

they have automatic bids in the BCS.

Question 30

Why is the ECAC such an unusual conference?

Answer 30

It includes teams from not only Division I, but also Division II and III.

Question 31

How many division I athletic departments make a profit? Explain why it is difficult to accurately determine the profitability of athletic departments.

Answer 31

media rights, bowl revenues, ticket sales, royalties and licensing, and donor contributions

Question 32

What is the relationship between winning and high coaching salaries, at least according to one study noted in the chapter?

Answer 32

Despite the trend to award multiyear, multimillion dollar contracts to head coaches of football and men's and women's basketball, the researchers further found no significant relationship between winning and high coaching salaries.

Question 33

What are the possible rules violations that athletic development officers need to be aware of? how do they try to reduce the likelihood of those violations?

Answer 33

eligibility issues and recruitment issues. To reduce this they need to educate everyone involved of the rules so they understand them and can follow them to the best of their ability

Question 34

what are the key differences in education, background, and preparation between ADs working in division I compared to ADs working in division II and III?

Answer 34

Division I athletic directors are more likely to have degrees in business or law. In contrast, Division II and III athletic directors are more likely to have received degrees in physical education or education. Nearly 70 percent of Division I ADs have no high school or college coaching experience, but more than 75 percent of Division III athletic directors have been assistant or college coaches.

Question 35

In what year did high school sport governance begin?

Answer 35

1960

Question 36

why was a governing body needed?

Answer 36

This governance was needed to monitor the competition and recruitment.

Question 37

how has the passage of Title IX affected participation rates in high school sport?

Answer 37

Participation rates are at an all time high

Question 38

what are the major operational differences between public school and private school athletic departments?

Answer 38

Insurance and Facility costs are held back at public schools. Public schools get money from district property tax revenues, while private schools get money from donations, tuition, and allocation feeds.

Question 39

in relation to other levels of sport competition in the united states, where do interscholastic athletics rank in size and scope?

Answer 39

No other level of sport has as many participants, sports teams, or athletic programs.

Question 40

what are some of the underlying factors that caused interscholastic sport to become part of the educational system?

Answer 40

· Schools and other agencies promoted sports participation to aid in solving broad social problems such as ill health and juvenile delinquency · Physical training for WWI · School retention and graduation rates · Tool to prepare for the rigors of modern life · To assimilate immigrants into American culture

Question 41

what are some of the perceived benefits of student participation in interscholastic sport programs?

Answer 41

· Responsible social behaviors · Greater academic success · Confidence in one's physical abilities · Appreciation of health and fitness · Social bonds with individuals and institutions

Question 42

how are career paths similar and different at the national, state, district, and local levels?

Answer 42

The local level the AD has a lot more diverse workload than ones at higher levels because theres less people to help do the job. Local level jobs require a lot more time because most are teachers on top of their other job

Question 43

what are some of the ways the media have affected interscholastic athletics?

Answer 43

Media is now playing high school games on their networks. The audience and coverage is growing but with that it gives problems to admins because they have to deal with any issues that have to do with the media and their players, parents, fans, staff, etc.

Question 44

what future changes do you see in terms of the media's influence at the high school level?

Answer 44

I don't think the media is going to stop covering high school sports but they will probably start to cover it more like they do for college which is much more closely on individual players.