Exam 3

Question 1

Occurs during Starvation, when animals need to mobilize fat for energy

Answer 1

Ketogenesis, TCA, Lipolysis, beta- oxidation

Question 2

Involves acetyle-CoA as the starting or ending compound

Answer 2

Ketogenesis, TCA, Lipogenesis, beta- oxidation

Question 3

Occurs when absorbed carbohydrates are in excess for current energy needs

Answer 3

Esterification, TCA, Lipolysis, beta- oxidation

Question 4

Makes a glucose alternative for tissues to use to generate ATP when carbohydrates are not avaliable

Answer 4

Ketogenesis

Question 5

polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 5

unsaturated fatty acid containing more than one double carbon bond.

Question 6

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 6

Arginine (Arg)
Histidine (His)
Isoleucine (Ile)
Leucine (Leu)
Lysine(Lys)
Methionine (Met)
Phenylalanine(Phe)
Threonine(Thr)
Tryptophan(Trp)
Valine (Val)

Question 7

What is the role of Lipase in lipid digestion or absorption?

Question 8

What is the role of Mixed micelle in lipid digestion or absorption?

Answer 8

help lipids be moved through digesta + other H2O containing component, since lipids + water are not soulable together.

Question 9

What is the role of bile in lipid digestion or absorption?

Answer 9

Emsulfication of fat

Question 10

Which of the following is not true about these metabolic pathways?

Answer 10

Glycolysis produces acetyl CoA

Question 11

Which of these best decribes glycogen regulation?

Answer 11

-Glycogenesis increasses in the fed state
-Glycogenolysis will occur under the same sort of conditions as -gluconeogenesis increases when blood glucose is low

Question 12

Which of the following is not an accurate description of the type of carbohydrate mostly present in the high energy feedstuff?

Answer 12

Milk co-products: starch

Question 13

Which is not a reason that we feed so much corn to livestock?

Answer 13

It has a food AA profile

Question 14

relative to other cereal grains, corn has ___________.

Answer 14

More energy but less protein

Question 15

Why is molasses added to some livestock diets?

Answer 15

-Sucrose is a good energy source
- it can rduce dust
- It encourages animals to consume the feed

Question 16

Which is not accurate about structural carbohydrate co-product feeds

Answer 16

we regularly feed all of them to horses due to hindgut fermentation

Question 17

Which is not a negative aspect if feeding fibrous co-products

Answer 17

They can have high NDF

Question 18

Which of the follwoing is not true about C18:3?

Answer 18

It is monounsaturated

Question 19

Unsaturated fats….

Answer 19

-Have C=C
- have more axidative instability
- Are more likely to be liquid at room temperature
- Have more
“kinks” in the C tail

Question 20

Which of these statements is not true about triglycerides?

Answer 20

They have less FA than oither simple or compound lipids

Question 21

Why is lipid digestion and absorption diffrent from that of carbohydrates and proteins?

Answer 21

Fats are insoluble in water

Question 22

Which of these does not accurately describe lipid digestion and absorption

Answer 22

Bile is released into the duodenum by the liver/gall bladder, and it digest triglycerides into fatty acids

Question 23

Why are lipids complexed with protein for transport in the blood?

Answer 23

• Protein can travel safely in blood, but lipid cannot
• Blood is aqueous, and lipids are immiscible in water
• Fat could come together in the blood stream without protein

Question 24

Why is fat needed in the diet of all animals?

Answer 24

To provide C18:2 and C18:3 and allow for absorption of vitamins A,D,E, and K

Question 25

Which of the following species much consume C20:4 in their diet?

Answer 25

Tigers

Question 26

Which of the following is an inaccurate description of lipid function in the body?

Answer 26

Essential fatty acids are used to make steroid hormones

Question 27

Which of the following is not true about beta-oxidation

Answer 27

It does not produce ATP until the next step

Question 28

Acetyl-coA cannot be used to make which of the following

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

Why do animals do fatty acid biosynthesis

Answer 29

- They need to store C from CHO intake - They consumed more nutrients that provide energy than the body needed - Their fat intake was to low, and fatty acids are needed to make compounds for cell membranes and other funcitons

Question 30

What is ketogenesis?

Answer 30

Ketone synthesis from acetyl CoA that come from fatty acids

Question 31

Which of these does not describe a condition in which ketones are usually formed?

Answer 31

When blood glucose is high

Question 32

how are ruminants different from non-ruminants in regard to fat metabolism?

Answer 32

Rumen microbes saturate and alter location of remaining C=C, so the fatty acid profile is altered

Question 33

Which of the following is not a reason to feed increased fat in the diet?

Answer 33

To allow for absorption of B and C vitamins

Question 34

Which of the following accurately describes pratical fat inclusion in livestock diets?

Answer 34

-Animals with high energy needs are more likely to be fed diets with added fats - Fat inclusion can depend on cost - We can increase fat in the diet by adding a 100% fat source, or by choosing feedstuffs with greater fat concentration - Fatty acid profile may affect our decision whether to feed plant oir animal-sourced fat

Question 35

Why are essential AA needed in the diet

Answer 35

They cannot be made in great enough quantities, even when provided enough substrates

Question 36

Why does the R group of amino acids matter

Answer 36

- The AA is other wise the same as all other AA, structure-wise - it gives the AA its identity - It gives the AA chemical properties that determine how it interacts with other compounds

Question 37

DNA is translated to RNA, and RNA is transcribed to protien

Answer 37

False

Question 39

What are the major uses of amino acids in the body?

Answer 39

Used for protein synthesis, energy produciton or storage, and production of other important non-protein biosignalling compounds from single to few AA