Exam 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
which kidney is more cranial in dogs
right kidney
where can you sometimes see the deep circumflex iliac artery in cats
just under L6
why might the ventral aspect of L3-4 be lucent on radiograph
diaphragm attaches
spondylosis deformans
smooth bridging bones between vertebrae, but normally just old age wear and tear, no pain
what things are inside the retroperitoneal space
kidneys, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes (connects to mediastinum)
heel effect
place thickest part of patient towards cathode because of how the beams scatter
reasons for focal hepatomegaly
neoplasia, cyst, biloma, abscess and liver lobe torsion
differentials for small liver
chronic liver disease, portsystemic shunt, diaphragmatic hernia
causes for prostate enlargement
cysts, infection, BPH, and cancer (all fixed with neuter besides cancer)
measure kidney size
animal has to be in VD, dog 2.5-3.5 length of L2, cat 2.4-3.0
what are the two causes of bilateral renal enlargement
FIP and lymphoma
projections during an excretory uregram
vascular phase: immediate VD
nephrogram and pyelogram phase: 5min lat and VD
urogram phase: 20 and 40min lat and VD
retrograde urethrogram
can do vaginally in females with a foley catheter
what is a double contrast cystogram used for?
mucosal assessment
location of body of pancreas and left limb
body: portal vein dorsal, along duodenum
left: between spleen stomach and colon
landmarks for adrenal glands
left- renal and cranial mesenteric arteries
right-along caudal vena cava near liver
barium contrast pros and cons GI
coats well and tasty but not sterile so can make granulomas
iodinated contrast pros and cons GI
sterile, safe in body cavities, but inflammatory reaction in the lungs and bad taste
flocculation vs fimbriation vs thumbprinting
flocculation: full moth eaten intestines with contrast or pretty wispy (mucous/hemorrhage mixing with contrast)
fimbriation: wispy around edges, halo
thumbprinting: spaced divots, inflammation
extraluminal mass sign
duck bill sign
equine SI distension
if greater than 5cm diameter, obstruction
probes for equine abdomen
superficial (bowel)- 5-8 MHz
deep (liver, spleen, kidney)- 1-5 MHz Ob probe
five main sites of painful horse u/s
right 10th intercostal- RDC
right ventral/inguinal- SI/RVC
left dorsal- NSL
left ventral/inguinal- SI/LVC
xiphoid region- ventral colon, spleen and fluid
how to diagnose colon torsion in horse
ventrally >9mm wall thickness in colon
