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Organismal Biology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

deuterostome

A

mouth opening forms second

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1
Q

protosome

A

mouth opening forms first

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2
Q

invertebrate nervous system

A

ventral solid nerve cord

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3
Q

incomplete digestive system

A

only one opening (mouth)

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4
Q

complete digestive system

A

two openings (mouth and anus)

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5
Q

3 embryonic tissues

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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6
Q

ectoderm

A

makes skin and nervous system

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7
Q

mesoderm

A

makes muscle, bone, circulatory system

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8
Q

endoderm

A

makes respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive systems

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9
Q

diploblastic

A

has endoderm and ectoderm

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10
Q

triploblastic

A

has all 3 embryonic tissues

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11
Q

saltwater challenges

A

more salt in water than in the organism, pulls water out of the org, have made glands to remove salt

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12
Q

freshwater challenge

A

more salt in the organism than in the water, have made a urinary system to remove extra water

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13
Q

Protostome development

A

mouth first, spiral cleavage, 3 types of coeloms, paired ventral nerve cords, exoskeleton

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14
Q

deuterostome development

A

mouth second, radial cleavage, coelomates only, dorsal nerve cord, endoskeleton

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15
Q

3 types of coeloms

A

coelomates, acoelomates, pseudocoelomates

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16
Q

coelomates

A

have a true coelom (fluid filled cavity around organs)

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17
Q

acoelomates

A

don’t have a coelom

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18
Q

pseudocoelomates

A

cavity that only holds the digestive tract, fake coelom

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19
Q

Inverts with radial symmetry

A

cnidaria, ctenophores

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20
Q

lophotrochozoans

A

make trochophore larvae that have a band of cilia

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21
Q

ecdysozoa

A

molt (shed a cuticle or exoskeleton)

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22
Q

porifera

A

sponges

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23
Q

ostia

A

many porocytes where water flow into the org

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24
Q

oscula

A

only one opening, where water flows out of the org

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25
Q

6 porifera cell types

A
  1. porocytes
  2. pinacocytes
  3. choanocytes
  4. sclerocytes
  5. archeocytes
  6. spongocytes
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26
Q

pinacocytes

A

epidermis of sponge

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27
Q

choanocytes

A

line spongocoel, used for filter feeding and reproduction

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28
Q

spongocoel

A

large internal chamber of sponges

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29
Q

scleocytes

A

make barbed spicules (defensive structure)

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30
Q

archeocytes

A

stem cells, digestion, reproduction, cite of fertilization

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31
Q

spongocytes

A

make the protein spongin, framework of sponge

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32
Q

3 poriferan body plans

A
  1. asconid
  2. syconid
  3. leuconid
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33
Q

asconid body plan

A

simple tube with non branching incurrent canals, choanocytes are only in the spongocoel

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34
Q

syconid body plan

A

more complex tube, incurrent branching radial canals (choanocyte lined)

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35
Q

leuconid body plan

A

most complex, bare incurrent canal, choanocyte lined chambers

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36
Q

4 classes of porifera

A
  1. calcarean
  2. demospongiae
  3. hexactinellid
  4. homoscleromorph
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37
Q

calcarean class

A

have calcium carbonate spicules

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38
Q

demospongiae class

A

majority of sponges, silica and chitin spicules, includes freshwater sponges

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39
Q

hexactinellid class

A

6-sided spicules, silica skeletons

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40
Q

homoscleromorph class

A

no spicules, cilitated pinacocytes (sea urchins)

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41
Q

do poriferans have tissues?

A

no

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42
Q

cnidarians

A

stinging animals

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43
Q

polyp stage

A

sessile w/ mouth up, juvenile colonial, asexual

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44
Q

medusa stage

A

free swimming jellyfish, adult, sexual repro

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45
Q

3 types of stingers

A

nematocyst, spirocyst, ptychocyst

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46
Q

nematocyst

A

harpoon with venom

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47
Q

spirocyst

A

entangle/lasso prey, no venom

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48
Q

ptychocyst

A

sticky threads ejected

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49
Q

Anthozoans

A

polyp form of cnidarians

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50
Q

Hexacorallia

A

have 6 tentacles, hard corals or sea anemones

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51
Q

octocorallia

A

8 tentacles, feathered soft corals

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52
Q

Ctenophores structures from cnidarians

A

radial symmetry, diploblasts, incomplete digestive tract

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53
Q

ctenophores derived structures

A

fused cilia, bioluminescence, retractable tentacles, colloblasts on tentacles that secrete a sticky mucus

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54
Q

4 classes of Platyhelminthes

A
  1. Turbellaria
  2. Cestode/tapeworm
  3. trematode/liver fluke
  4. monogean
55
Q

platyhelminthes

A

flat worms

56
Q

turbellaria

A

free living, branched GVC, benthic (sit on sea floor)

57
Q

GVC

A

gastrovascular cavity (incomplete digestive tract)

58
Q

cestode/tapeworm

A

endoparasite, no GVC, digenean (live in 2 hosts)

59
Q

trematode/liver fluke

A

digenean, vertebrate endoparasite, gonochoristic (separate sexes)

60
Q

monogenean

A

fish ectoparasite, have one host

61
Q

3 organisms that do eutely

A

nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers

62
Q

eutely

A

stop division when reaching a certain number of cells

63
Q

brachiopods

A

have a top and bottom shell, brachium (2 arms covered with cilia)

64
Q

molluscs

A

have a right and left shell

65
Q

3 layers of mollusc shells

A
  1. nacreous layer
  2. prismatic layer
  3. periostracum
66
Q

nacreous layer

A

highly reflective newly made shell (innermost)

67
Q

prismatic layer

A

thickest, made of hard calcium carbonate

68
Q

periostracum

A

thin protein layer, creates stripes or spots, outermost

69
Q

gastropods

A

snails

70
Q

5 types of gastropod shells

A
  1. prosobranchs
  2. opisthobranchs
  3. nudibranchs
  4. anaspidea
  5. pulmonata
71
Q

prosobranchs

A

gastropod with spikey shells

72
Q

opisthobranch

A

detorsion, thin or absent shell

73
Q

nudibranchs

A

sea slugs, no shell

74
Q

anaspidea

A

sea hares, internal shell

75
Q

pulmonata

A

terrestrial snails and slugs

76
Q

cephalopods- nautilus

A

~90 arms, external chambered shell, live in largest chamber

77
Q

cephalopods- octopus

A

8 arms, no shell, better at crawling

78
Q

cephalopods- squid

A

8 arms, internal solid shell, has 2 feeding tentacles

79
Q

cephalopods- cuttlefish

A

10 arms, internal hollow chambered shell

80
Q

annelids

A

worms

81
Q

polychaetae

A

most abundant annelid, have antenna, aquatic

82
Q

prostomium

A

first segment, sensory only

83
Q

peristomium

A

second segment, has mouth

84
Q

pygidium

A

last segment, get rid of waste, where new segments are generated

85
Q

clitellates

A

annelid with no trochophore larvae, have ocelli (eyes), antenna, parapodia, metamere segments

86
Q

4 groups of arthropods

A

trilobites, chelicerates, hexapods, myriapods

86
Q

chelicerates

A

have pincers, fangs, or claws to feed

87
Q

crustaceans

A

10 legged aquatic chelicerate

88
Q

arachnids

A

8 legged terrestrial chelicerate

89
Q

hexapods

A

insects with 6 legs

90
Q

myriapods

A

centipedes and millipedes

91
Q

arthropod derived characteristics

A

jointed exoskeleton, open circulatory system, compound eyes, pheromones

92
Q

compound eyes

A

ommatidia, have a lens at one end, photoreceptors at the other end

93
Q

4 groups of arachnids

A
  1. mites
  2. ticks
  3. scorpions
  4. spiders
94
Q

mites

A

parasitic, cause scabies

95
Q

ticks

A

parasitic, cause lyme disease

96
Q

scorpions and spiders

A

free living arachnids

97
Q

Crustacean pereopods

A

walking legs

98
Q

Crustacean pleopods

A

swimmerets, not used for walking

99
Q

shrimp

A

5 pairs of legs

100
Q

krill

A

8 pairs of legs

101
Q

amphipods

A

long appendages, 1 pair antenna, walkers

102
Q

isopods

A

terrestrial crustaceans

103
Q

entognath

A

internal mouth parts

104
Q

ectognath

A

external mouth parts, insects

105
Q

hemimetabolous

A

incomplete metamorphosis, nymphs gradually resemble adults

106
Q

nymphs

A

stage between molts

107
Q

holometabolous

A

complete metamorphosis, instars transform into adults within a pupa

108
Q

instars

A

young that don’t resemble the adults

109
Q

pupa/chrysallis

A

protective structure, where metamorphosis happens

110
Q

odonata

A

dragonflies, oldest flying insect, can’t fold wings

111
Q

orthoptera

A

sound producing by stridulation, long hind legs, crickets, grasshoppers

112
Q

coleoptera

A

biggest group, beetles, 2 pairs of wings, 1st pair of wings is a hard shell

113
Q

lepidoptera

A

butterflies and moths

114
Q

butterflies

A

at rest have wings together

115
Q

moths

A

at rest have wings spread

116
Q

diptera

A

flies and mosquitos, 1 pair of wings

117
Q

psocodea

A

lice

118
Q

siphonaptera

A

fleas, flightless, good jumpers

119
Q

hymenoptera

A

bees, vespids, ants, have caste societies

120
Q

homoptern

A

aphids, major plant pests, cicada

121
Q

isoptera

A

termites, caste societies, have soldiers

122
Q

hemiptera

A

stink bugs, bed bugs, have defense odor

123
Q

mosquitos diseases

A

malaria, west nile, dengue

124
Q

tsetse fly diseases

A

african sleeping sickness

125
Q

housefly diseases

A

cholera

126
Q

siphonaptera/fleas diseases

A

bubonic plague

127
Q

psocodea/lice diseases

A

typhus

128
Q

where echinoderms live

A

all marine

129
Q

echinoderms derived structures

A

deuterosotmes, endoskeletons, radial symmetry, mutable connective tissue (can liquify)

130
Q

water vascular system functions

A

internal transport, excretion, respiration, movement

131
Q

echinoderm madreporite

A

opening for seawater to enter the water vascular system

132
Q

sedentary echinoderm

A

crinoid (sea lilies)

133
Q

echinoderm extendable stomach

A

cardiac stomach

134
Q

echinoderm non extendable stomach

A

pyloric stomach

Organismal Biology (4 decks)

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