Exam 3

Question 1

My Lai massacre (1968)

Answer 1

U.S. troops ordered to
murder 350-500
Vietnamese civilians,
destroy village

Question 2

Conformity

Answer 2

Changing behavior or beliefs due to social pressure (implicit/explicit, real/imagined)

Question 3

Informational Social Influence

Answer 3

View others as source of info.

Question 4

Normative Social Influence

Answer 4

Want to avoid disapproval, gain approval

Question 5

Social Norms

Answer 5

Unwritten rules for how to behave

Question 6

Autokinetic Effect Study

Answer 6

Participants estimated “movement” of a light; eventually, their answers became the same, and they believed it; informational.

Question 7

Line Length Study

Answer 7

One participant and seven confederates look at lines; the confederates all say the same, wrong answer; participant changed their answer to fit in; normative.

Question 8

Depth of Conformity

Answer 8

Public compliance and private acceptance

Question 9

Public compliance

Answer 9

• Conform in behavior
• Normative social
  influence
• Line length study

Question 10

Private acceptance

Answer 10

• Conform in beliefs
• Informational social
  influence
• Autokinetic effect study
• AKA internalization

Question 11

Factors affecting conformity

Answer 11

• Group size
• Unanimity
• Anonymity
• Expertise & status
• Culture
  
  • Independent / interdependent
  • Tight / loose

Question 12

Minority influence

Answer 12

Primarily informational; minority must be consistent

Question 13

How to resist social influence?

Answer 13

1. Notice it
2. Find an ally
3. Remove self from situation

Question 14

Norm to consistency

Answer 14

The idea that one should stay consistent

Question 15

Foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 15

Gain compliance to small request, then big
request

Question 16

Norm to reciprocy

Answer 16

You should help people who help you

Question 17

Door-in-the-face technique

Answer 17

Precede request with large request person will refuse

Question 18

That’s-not-all technique

Answer 18

Make offer, then add something more

Question 19

Descriptive norm

Answer 19

“Do what everyone else is doing”

Question 20

Zajonc’s (1965) Social Facilitation Model

Answer 20

Presence of others → ↑physiological
arousal → ↑dominant response

Question 21

Dominant response

Answer 21

Whatever is most likely (obvious, immediate, etc.) for this person, in this situation

Question 22

Social loafing

Answer 22

Decreased effort in groups when individual
contributions not monitored

Question 23

Group think

Answer 23

Faulty thinking in groups that prioritize cohesiveness over careful scrutiny of ideas

Question 24

When is group think the most likely? (3 things)

Answer 24

• Cohesive group
• Directive leader
• No outside input

Question 25

Group think occurs via...

Answer 25

Self-censorship

Question 26

Group polarization

Answer 26

Tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than individual decisions (in whichever direction most individuals lean)

Question 27

What causes group polarization?

Answer 27

Reason 1: Persuasive arguments Reason 2: Social comparison

Question 28

Deindividualization

Answer 28

Loss of individual identity, reduced self- regulation in groups

Question 29

When is there more deindividualism?

Answer 29

When there is higher anonymity

Question 30

Communal relationship

Answer 30

- Based on mutual support (principle of need) - Long-term

Question 31

Exchange relationship

Answer 31

- Based on reciprocity & equity - Short-term

Question 32

Social exchange theory consists of three parts:

Answer 32

1. Rewards vs costs 2. Comparison level 3. Comparison level of alternatives

Question 33

Equity theory

Answer 33

While people like receiving things, they may feel guilty and turned off of the relationship if they're always taking or giving.

Question 34

Three big predictors of relationships

Answer 34

1. Proximity 2. Similarity 3. Physical attractiveness

Question 35

Mere exposure effect

Answer 35

Being exposed to something makes you like it more

Question 36

Halo effect

Answer 36

Belief that attractive people have positive traits