Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

Nurses Role: adolescent: Teen Pregnancy

Answer 1

provide information in all 3 options in non judgemental way provide support with decisions and throughout pregnancy, birth and parenting reinforce reproductive health education

Answer 2

aspect of adolescence identity formation How they expressed identity/style Parental/child: conflict can arise Health related risk: Blood borne pathogens: hep c, HIV Infection Keloid Swollen tongue, blockage of the throat Bleeding Nerve damage Education: Licensed for piercing: that is well run Making sure that it is sterile Meticulous handwashing Proper cleaning and care Educate about signs and symptoms of infection Avoid the sun while healing

Answer 3

11% of teens have depression disorder by age 18 girls more likely to experience Major Depression (depressive disorder): depressed or irritable mood, disabling, diminished interest or pleasure in usual activites Symptoms: changes in weight, insomnia, decreased energy, diffuculty concentrating, preoccupation in death Has to last more than 2 weeks Rates increase with age Lots of stressors: get good grades, friendship troubles, technology, lack of social interaction, cyberbullying Limit screen time, no access to technology at bedtime

Answer 4

Changes in weight, appetite, insomnia, low motivation, trouble concentrating, thinking about death (can be passive) Listen to the adolescent: language cues: tired, flat affective, hopeless: Start with PHQ: 2 PHQ:9 (if PHQ 2 is positive)

Answer 5

Recognition of warning signs and prevention essential Most likely underreported: the shame + the stigma around suicide Females are more likely to attempt suicide... Males are more likely to be successful Warning Sign: giving stuff away that you loved, isolation, sudden energy/mood change, risk taking, violence, preoccupation with death, ASK!!!!!Direct Questions Have you thought about hurting yourself, do you have a plan Refer to mental health: may need to go to hospital

Answer 6

2/3rds of all unintentional injuries in this group are MVA Accidents: MVA 20x more likely than any other age group contributing factors: not wearing helmets, distractions, impaired while driving Includes bike, ATV, motorcycles, skiing Nurses Role: talk, talk, educate, educate, support parents

Answer 7

- alcohol, marijuana: causing high anxiety, sniffing - want to fit in, social anxiety - Chemical use increasing—use precursor to abuse - signs that a teen is using: - stealing - sudden changes in behavior (academics) Isolation Eye drops Nose bleeds Ask about in non-judgmental manner (normalizing) Do you have friends that do drugs? Leading cause of substance abuse deaths: opioids

Answer 8

C: driven a car while under influence R: need to take to feel relaxed A: Do you take drugs alone? F: do you forget things after? F:do family or friends tell you to stop T:have you gotten into trouble

Answer 9

Caucasian females have higher % Most start use in adolescence Focus on preventing nonsmokers from starting; helping smoker to quit vape and other smokeless tobacco Most start if parents/ peer smoke 5A’s Ask , advise to quit, assess, arrange follow up, assist

Answer 10

viral infection transmitted by direct contact Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus Sx include: sore throat, lymph node enlargement, lethargy. enlarged liver and spleen watch contact sports, do not palapate spleen

Answer 11

caused by bacteria: the one that can kill you + viral Vaccine for bacterial meningitis: at 11 and then before college (17) Exchange through exchange of throat and respiratory secretions Contagious but not as contagious as other viruses Commonly spread in community setting; college dorms VACINATION

Answer 12

Insufficient use of condoms Lower self esteem Peer pressure Depression Sense of invisibility Protective: high Self-efficacy Good parental monitoring Good parent-child communication Positive school relationships Sexual knowledge

Answer 13

Gonorrhea/Chlaymdia Herpes Warts (HPV) Trichmonas HIV

Answer 14

Many different brands Key Components: Estrogen Progesterone How does it work? When taking the pill, body thinks it is making it + suppresses hormones that cause ovulation (no egg = no pregnancy) Typically, 21 active pills + 7 placebo pills How to Use: Take the pill around the same time everyday When starting use backup methods; for at least first month How effective? 98% in perfect world 9% of users will get pregnant Side Effects Positive: Helps with cramping Lightens up the bleeding (decreases risk of anemia) Decreases risk of ovarian cancer + Uterine Cancer: temporary shutting down of the uterus (no correlation with breast cancer) Negative: Headache, nausea, breast tenderness, irregular bleeding 18 states pharmacist can give birth control

Answer 15

(related to the estrogen in the pill) History of blood clots Strokes Smokers (over 35 has increased risk) Breast Cancer Family History of MI (early age) High Blood Pressure Severe liver disease Warning Signs: (stop medication ASAP, call provider) Severe leg pain Abdominal pain Chest pain Eye/vision changes Return to fertility after stopping is easy Medications: TB medications (rifampin) Seizure medication St John's Wort

Answer 16

Also called Mini Pill What it contains? Contains No Progesterone: not as good as combined pill How it Works? Take pill at same time everyday Suppresses ovulation; thins lining of uterus, thickens cervical mucous Effective? Less forgiving, Must be good at taking pills on time 88-91% effective Side Effects Acne, headache, mood swings, weight gain, irregular bleeding Cautions: If nausea or vomiting, or using antibiotics use backup method Liver disease, breast cancer Safer for women who have contradictions from the other pill When stopping fertility goes back: you can get pregnant

Answer 17

Contains only progesterone Similar to the mini pill Thickens cervical mucous, thins uterine lining: prevents pregnancy 99% effective in perfect world: real world: only 94% Every 3 months for an injection Side Effects: mood swing, acne, weight gain Can take a while to get fertility back: 9- 12 months Increased risk of osteoporosis: stop smoking less alcohol, increase calcium A LOT of irregular bleeding for first 6 months then no bleeding

Answer 18

Contain only progesterone Stop ovulation, thicken cervial mucous, thin cervical lining 99% effective Stays in for 4 years Acne, mood swings, weight gain No Nausea from estrogen

Answer 19

Hormone based IUD Progesterone is released Good for people who can’t take birth control pills 99% effective Side effects: moods swings, acne, weight gain Gets fertility back when taking out Amenorrhea is not worrisome No impact on fertility Less cramping 7 years it can stay in Check the string At higher risk for STI: string helps the bacteria move up Contraindication:: Pelvic inflammatory, Uterine Cancer,

Answer 20

Contain Estrogen and progesterone 99% in perfect, 91% in real world: people put it in wrong, or forget to put it in In for 3-5 weeks Contraindication History of blood clots Strokes Smokers (over 35 has increase risk) Breast cancer Family history of MI (early age) High blood pressure Severe liver disease

Answer 21

Condoms: prevent STD Latex + Plastic condoms: are good for std protection Natural Condoms: good at pregnancy protection; not STI Pinch the tip: no air should be in the condom; more likely to break Condom can slip off Water based lubericants should be used: Oil breaks down the latex 98% effective perfect world: 85% in real world Spermicide: Should be used with condoms 80% effective if used alone No protection against STI: can increase risk Can be used for an hour Sponge: Round sponge that has spermicide Covers the cervixs Toxic Shock Syndrome Pulled off the market 76-88% effective Blocks sperm + spermicide More effective if you have not had children

Answer 22

Round rubber disk: barrier and spermicide: cover the cervix Perfect world: 94% effective: real world; 88%): human errors lower the efficacy rate Leave in for 6 hours after Toxic shock syndrome UTI can be caused

Answer 23

Mini diaphragm: sits on the cervix; acts with suction Spermicide and barrier 86% effective: more effective in women who have not had children Can leave in for 2 days

Answer 24

Does not have hormones in it: no progesterone Highest satification method Hostile to sperm : sperm does not like copper 99.9% effective Good for up to 12 years Side effects: heavier blood flow and cramping; does not stop cycle Anyone who does not want hormones, nearing menopause No impact on fetilirt Check the string

Answer 25

Fertility Awareness: times ovulation, only works for people who have regular cycles, if unreular you should not use as birth control, avoiding sex during ovulation, monitoring cervical mucous, avoid sex for days after ovulation Withdrawal: male pulls out before ejeculation, 78% effective, sperm can be left behind Tubal ligation: for females, 99.7% effective, higher risk of tubal pregnancy because tubes are cut, snip the fallopian tubes, eggs get reabsorbed, women still ovulate, if they have a late period make sure to test for pregnancy Vasectomy: 99.7% effective, for males, prevents sperm from being ejectulated, laser, keeps sperm out of the semen, takes 3 months to have zero sperm

Answer 26

Erikson: important to develop a sense of competency and self esteem Formulation of intimate relationships Intimacy vs isolation and loneliness characterized by reciprocal expression of affection and intimacy requires mutual trust

Answer 27

18-35 Marriage, family, milestones major task: adult responisbilites nurses need to maximize healthy period 2 prong approach: help continue with healthy lifestyle/behaviors and decrease accidents/injuries/ violence greater complexity of thinking, further organization of emotional and cognitive thinking and decision making is based on impact on other and future consequences usually healthiest period

Answer 28

Full Growth: women 17, Men 21 optimal strength occurs 25-35 Lonevity: women have greater longevity-on average 5 years longer

Answer 29

Developing behaviors to promote healthy lifestyles Decreasing the incidence of accidents, injuries and acts of violence Maximize good health for as long as possible

Answer 30

Age 18: full health exam and then every 2 years many young adults do not follow this recommendation

Answer 31

Socio-Demographic: ex: organization, hobbies, military Marital status, relationships, family/friend support Environmental: ex: living situation, education work status, risks, stress Biophysical: smoking, alcohol, drugs, seatbelt, exercise, weight, helmets, nutrition

Answer 32

smoking obesity alcohol drug use accidental injury family planning activity levels Immunization: DPT, Hep B, flu BP diabetes Cholesterol Paps STI screening BSE/TSE

Answer 33

Top 3: asthma, Arthritis, HTN Others cancer diabetes Heart disease

Answer 34

group of cardiovascular risk factors associated with overweight and obesity High lipid levels insulin resistance hypertension prominent sign is central or waist center obesity at greater risk of coronary artery disease Interventions include: lifestyle changes- increased activity, diet changes if those dont work medication

Answer 35

7th leading cause of death in us minority populations disproportionally affected diabetes (type 2) and related consequences (cardiovascular disease, blindness, lower limb amputations, kidney disease) are on the rise in us can lower the life expectancy by 15 years- early detection and management in young adulthood is important in decreasing progression of complication

Answer 36

Assessment: BMI waist circumference BP cholesterol Teaching: increased activity, low fat, more fruits/vegetables, limit proportion apps and activity monitors are promising motivational interviewing

Answer 37

Folic Acid Calcium: decreases risk of osteoporosis 1000-1500m/ day Iron

Answer 38

Aerobic exercise of moderate intensity for 30 minutes, 5 days a week optimum heart rate calculation HR: 220 minus age of person x 65-85% (.75) MHR: young adult MHR approximately 150 plus bpm muscle strengthening important as well barriers: lack of time, access to facilites, safe enviroment

Answer 39

sun/radiation exposure avoid excessive UV- highest risk time 10-2 use of sun blocks, unprotective clothin, avoid tanning, sunbathing SPF: sunscreen protective factor a calculation of effectiveness of various preparation rated by FDA rating of 30 means the sunscreen provides 30 times more protection than unprotected skin should use sunscreen that blocks UV A and UVB apply 15-30 min before exposure need to reapply often- after exercse and swimming

Answer 40

high cause of death in young adults head injuries are leading cause of death involving bike and motorcycle must encourage helmet drowning, boating accident hang glide, mtn climbing, skiiing

Answer 41

maturing relationships and roles development of enduring friendships formation of intimate relationship decisions about life/career directions formation of family units intimate partner violence

Answer 42

affects 10-15% of couples in US; increased diagnosis 25 years 40% male factor. 40% female factor. 20% unknown assistive reproductive technologies can be stressful, expensive encourage women to avoid alcohol, smoking, and drug use

Answer 43

unintended pregnancy: half of all pregnancies Teen birth rate down 30% in the past decade – result of more involvement in school activities, contracts between unmarried couples, birth control, pregnancy prevention programs and increased job opportunities Half of unplanned pregnancies are caused by contraceptive failure Can be related to delayed prenatal care, depression and relationship problems

Answer 44

HPV- warts, viral, cauliflower-like bumps. Skin to skin, Treat- acid, OTC cream Gonorrhea and/or Chlamydia- Bacterial, easily spread, treated with antibiotics. Women may not show sx early, men w/ dysuria. Important to screen.. PID risk in women Trichomonas- Protozoa, women with vag discharge, odor. Treat with abx Herpes- Viral, no cure. Painful vesicular lesions, outbreaks come and go. Anti-viral meds Can help reduce transmission Bacterial vaginosis- overgrowth of abnml bact in women, fishy odor, abx to treat Yeast- clumpy d/c, bad vaginal itch. Treat with antifungals

Answer 45

Stress Assess for stress-related complaints Fatigue, anxiety, depression, marital problems, increased work demands, children Assess for signs of achievement stress Long work hours, skipped meals, loss of sleep, burn out, exhaustion, workaholics Listen, offer support; referrals as needed Exercise, relaxation techniques, counseling

Answer 46

Suicide: Leading cause of death Cause: Unable to cope with stressful circumstances or events More women attempt suicide; more men succeed Assess for depression and suicidal ideation – need to ask outright “Have you had thoughts of wanting to hurt yourself?”

Exam 3 Flashcards

(70 cards)