Exam 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
where does the small bowel start?
at the pyloric sphincter
where does the small bowel stop?
ileocecal valve
why use water soluble contrast? (for a small bowel follow through)
if a perforation is suspected
positioning for rectum, sigmoid?
rectum: PA, PA axial, Lateral, AP, AP axial
sigmoid: PA axial, PA OBL RAO, Lateral, AP, AP axial, AP OBL LPO
small bowel attaches to large bowel?
yes at the ileocecal valve
a thin, triangular band of tissue in the abdomen that supports and anchors the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine
ligament of treitz
the highest and deepest part of the colon, located in the upper abdomen where the transverse colon bends into the descending colon
splenic flexure
slipping of one part of the bowel into another sometimes causing a blockage
intussusception
a groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain
sulci
a bump or ridge on the surface of the brain
gyri
longitudinal folds in the stomach, allows the stomach to expand when full of food
rugae
small pouches caused by sacculation (formed by 3 longitudinal bands/muscles called taenia coli)
haustra
positioning for transverse colon?
PA & AP
enteroclysis positioning of the catheter
contrast is injected through a tube into small intestine
enema tip direction/alignment?
direct anteriorly 1 to 1 1/2 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm), then slightly superiorly
total distance no more than 4 inches (10 cm)
what does gas in the rectum represent?
also called flatulence, represents a normal byproduct of digestion where bacteria in the large intestine break down undigested food particles
gas in the small bowel? adults vs infants
adults: usually small amount of air in 2 or 3 loops, any more than that can indicate bacterial overgrowth or crohn’s
infants: gas in small bowel can be normal
which decubitus for ascending colon?
right lateral decubitus for “UP” medial side of ascending colon
left lateral decubitus for “UP” lateral side of the ascending colon
malabsorption disease caused by mucosal defect in the jejunum
celiac disease
small bowel series, how far does the contrast go until exam is done
all the way through the small bowel
colon exam, lateral position for what anatomy?
lateral to see rectum and distal sigmoid portion
lateral decubitus to see ascending colon and descending colon
- LT lat decub: lat of ascending & medial of descending
- RT lat decub: meidal of ascending & lat of descending
chassard-lapine projection
axial projection
demonstrates the rectum, rectosigmoid junction, and sigmoid in the axial projection
why perform a KUB before a UGI or BE?
it provides a preliminary view of the abdominal area, allowing the radiologist to identify any potential abnormalities in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder that could be misinterpreted as GI issues during the subsequent barium contrast studies, thus ensuring a more accurate diagnosis
colitis vs diverticulitis
colitis: inflammation of the colon, begins in the rectum, proceeds toward cecum, unknown cause, hemorrhage, infrequently needs surgery
diverticulitis: inflammation of diverticula in the alimentary canal
