Exam 3 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Features shared of all animals
Heterotrophy-obtain energy by ingesting other organisms
Multicellularity-complex bodies
No cell walls-cell walls are flexible
Tissues-cells organized into structural units
Sexual reproduction, embryonic development, active movement, diversity of form, diversity of habitat
Symmetry in animals
Sponges-no symmetry
Cnidarians-radial symmetry
Bilaterians-all animals with bilateral symmetry
Types of embryonic development
Diploblastic-animals w 2 germ layers (ectoderm-endoderm) *cnidarians
Triploblastic-animals w 3 germ layers(ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm) *bilaterians
Types of bilaterian embryonic development
Protostomes-blastopore becomes mouth
Deuterostomes-blastopore becomes anus
Three germ layers
Ectoderm-outer layer
Mesoderm-bilaterians only
Endoderm-digestive and respiratory
Endocrine vs exocrine
Endocrine:secrete their substances directly into your bloodstream
Exocrine:secrete their substances through ducts onto your body’s surface
Levels of tissue organization
Embryonic Tissue-ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
Epithelial Tissue:Simple and stratified epithelium
Nerve Tissue:Neurons
Connective Tissue:Cartilage tissue(joint surfaces), blood tissue, bone tissue
Muscle Tissue: skeletal muscle(connected to bones), cardiac muscle(walls of heart), smooth muscle(walls of blood vessels and visceral organs)
Types of skeletons
Hydrostatic-made of soft tissue filled w a gel that uses water pressure to support the body
Exoskeleton-provides support and protection for the body and allows movement through muscle contraction
Endoskeleton-internal skeleton that provides support for the body and protects organs
Ganglia vs brain
Brain-processes input from entire body,divided into specialized segments, 2 halves
Ganglia-may process sections of body, not segmented, not 2 halves
Roles of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Peripheral/central nervous system
Relationship of the above systems?
Autonomic nervous system:composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, plus the medulla oblongata -subdivision of PNS
Sympathetic nervous system:fight or flight response, prepares body for physical activity, maintains homeostasis-a part of the autonomic
Peripheral Nervous system:feeds information into your brain from most of your senses
Central Nervous system:receiving, processing, and responding to sensory information
Compound eye vs single lens eye
Compound eye-provides a wide field of view and is good at detecting motion
Single lens eye-narrower field of view but better depth perception and color vision
Binocular vision
The ability to see with both eyes to create a single, three dimensional image of the world around you
Adaptions for feeding
Teeth, beak, feet, feathers
Gas exchange in water vs air
Gas exchange occurs much more efficiently in air compared to water
Major organs and functions
Heart-pumps blood through body
Brain-body’s control center
Kidneys-filter blood, remove waste, create urine
Liver-filters blood, produces bile for digestion, and creates protein
Lungs-exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide w the blood
Classes and subdivisions of epithelial tissue
Simple:simple squamous, simple cuboidal,simple columnar
Stratified
Neurons
Sensory, motor, and inter neurons
Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System
CNS:brain and spinal cord-integration and interpretation of input
PNS:nerves and ganglia-communication of signal to and from the cns to the rest of the body
Connective tissues
Cartilage, bone, and blood
Muscle tissues
Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
Antagonistic muscle arrangement
Pairs of muscles that work together to move and return body parts to their original position
Types of sensors used to detect environment
Temperature, humidity, pressure, infrared, air quality, light, smoke
Transition of life in water to on land
Early aquatic organisms gradually adapting to live on land by developing features
Evolution of jaws
Vertebrate jaws evolved from gill arches in the vertebrate skeletal system
