Exam 3

Question 1

the ability to do work

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

Stored energy

Answer 2

Potential energy

Question 3

Energy of motion

Answer 3

Kinetic energy

Question 4

The transfer of Kinetic energy

Answer 4

Heat

Question 5

The transfer of energy from one form to another

Answer 5

Work

Question 6

Delta E= q + w
what does each of these stand for?

Answer 6

Delta E: Change in energy
q: heat energy
w: work

Question 7

What type of temperature change is it when energy is on the reactant side of the equation?

Answer 7

Exothermic reaction

Question 8

What type of temperature change is it when energy is on the product side of the equation?

Answer 8

Endothermic reaction

Question 9

The part of the universe being studied

Answer 9

System

Question 10

The rest of the universe

Answer 10

Surroundings

Question 11

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 11

Law of conservation of energy

Question 12

The total kinetic energy transferred from one substance or object to another

Answer 12

Heat

Question 13

The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Answer 13

Temperature

Question 14

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the 1 gram of material by 1 degree celsius

Answer 14

Specific heat (s)

Question 15

The amount of heat required to raise an object by 1 degree celsius

Answer 15

heat capacity (c)

Question 16

Measure the flow of heat

Answer 16

Calorimetry experiments

Question 17

Sm= - (Mw)(Sw)(delta Tw)/ (Mm)(delta Tm)

Answer 17

coffee cup calorimetry
m=mass
s=specific heat
delta T= change in temperature

Question 18

Measures energy content (heats of reaction) in food and fuels

Answer 18

Bomb calorimetry

Question 19

Equation used for bomb calorimetry

Answer 19

q=(C) (delta T)

Question 20

Reaction energy is a…

Answer 20

Extensive property

Question 21

Is the energy released in a combustion reaction

Answer 21

Fuel value

Question 22

The amount of heat energy absorbed or released in a chemical reaction at constant pressure

Answer 22

Reaction enthalpy (delta H rxn)

Question 23

Delta H rxn=

Answer 23

-1,368 KJ
- means exothermic
+ means endothermic

Question 24

What are the two exceptions to the octet rule

Answer 24

BF3 and PCl5

Question 25

How to draw a Lweis Dot Structure

Answer 25

1. Add up all the valence electrons 2. Frame the structure 3. Fill octets on outer atoms first 4. Fill the octet on the central atom

Question 26

How to calculate the formal charge on atoms

Answer 26

formal charge= valence electrons in the neutral atom- number of covalent bonds- number of unshared atoms

Question 27

-A set of structures that show how electrons are distributed -Used when a single Lewis structure is insufficient

Answer 27

Resonance structures

Question 28

Arrangement of electrons around the central atom

Answer 28

Electronic geometry

Question 29

Shape caused by the arrangement of atoms

Answer 29

Molecular geometry

Question 30

Atoms do not share the electrons evenly

Answer 30

Polar covalent bond

Question 31

How strongly atoms pull bonded electrons

Answer 31

Electronegativity

Question 32

Polar covalent scale

Answer 32

less than 0.5- Covalent 0.5-2.0- Polar Covalent More than 2.0- Ionic

Question 33

An overall polarity in a molecule

Answer 33

Molecular dipole

Question 34

- particles are close together and held in a fixed place - Definite shape and volume

Answer 34

Solid

Question 35

-Particles are closer together but move freely past each other - Definite volume; adopts the shape of the container

Answer 35

Liquid

Question 36

-Particles are far apart and have very little interaction - Adopts shape and volume of container

Answer 36

Gas

Question 37

A transition from one state of matter to another

Answer 37

Phase change

Question 38

-Form lattices of tightly packed atoms -Electrons move easily between atoms -Shapes of metals are easily altered

Answer 38

Metallic substances

Question 39

Forces within molecules are

Answer 39

Covalent bonds

Question 40

Forces between molecules

Answer 40

intermolecular forces

Question 41

Hydrogen bonding description and strength

Answer 41

--Molecules with H-F, H-O, or H-N bonds -Strongest type of intermolecular bond

Question 42

Dipole-dipole forces description and strength

Answer 42

-Molecules with net dipole - in-between strength

Question 43

London dispersion forces description and strength

Answer 43

-All covalent molecules -Weakest

Question 44

The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related

Answer 44

Boyle's Law

Question 45

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature

Answer 45

Charle's Law

Question 46

How to convert Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 46

C + 273

Question 47

The pressure caused by one gas in a mixture

Answer 47

Partial pressure

Question 48

If temperature and pressure are constant, the volume of a gas is proportional to the number of moles of gas present

Answer 48

Avogadro's Law

Question 49

The spread of particles through random motion

Answer 49

Diffusion

Question 50

The process of a gas escaping from a container

Answer 50

Effusion

Question 51

Lighter particles escape...

Answer 51

Faster

Question 52

Heavier particles escape...

Answer 52

slower