Exam 4

Question 1

The substance that dissolves

Answer 1

Solute

Question 2

The major component of the solution

Answer 2

Solvent

Question 3

The amount of solute present in a solution

Answer 3

Concentration

Question 4

How to find mass %

Answer 4

mass of solute/ mass of solution X 100%

Question 5

How to find the volume %

Answer 5

volume of solute/ volume of solution X 100%

Question 6

How to find concentration in ppm

Answer 6

mass of solute/ mass of solution X 10^6

Question 7

How to find concentration in ppb

Answer 7

mass of solute/ mass of solution X 10^9

Question 8

How to find molarity

Answer 8

moles of solute/ liter solution

Question 9

How to prepare solutions of known molarity

Answer 9

1. add the desired amount of solute to a volume flask
2. partially fill the flask and mix
3. dilute to the correct volume

Question 10

Preparing dilute solutions

Answer 10

MiVi=MfVf
moles initial= moles final

Question 11

Water can pass through it, but molecules and ions cannot

Answer 11

semipermeable membrane

Question 12

water moves toward the more concentrated solution

Answer 12

osmotic pressure

Question 13

Water leaves to go to the salt

Answer 13

hypertonic

Question 14

water comes to the cell, which has the salt

Answer 14

hypotonic

Question 15

the same amount of water is leaving as it is coming

Answer 15

isotonic

Question 16

Freezing point depression

Answer 16

as you increase the solute in concentration the lower the freezing point becomes

Question 17

boiling point elevation

Answer 17

more molecules, the higher the boiling point

Question 18

Precipitation reaction

Answer 18

Two solutions combine to form a solid product

Question 19

Acid-base neutralization reaction

Answer 19

acids and bases combine to form water and a salt

Question 20

metal displacement reactions

Answer 20

an ion of one metal reacts with the elemental form to another metal

Question 21

Arrhenius definition of acid

Answer 21

produce H+ ions in water

Question 22

Arrhenius definition of base

Answer 22

Produce OH- ions in water

Question 23

Can release more than one H+ into aqueous solution

Answer 23

Polyprotic acids

Question 24

Bronsted-Lowry definition of acid

Answer 24

Compounds that donate H+ ions

Question 25

Bronsted-Lowry definition of base

Answer 25

Compounds that accept H+ ions

Question 26

Completely ionize in water

Answer 26

Strong acids

Question 27

Partially ionize in water

Answer 27

weak acids

Question 28

Goes in both forward and backward directions

Answer 28

Equilibrium reaction

Question 29

Conjugate base

Answer 29

is identical to the acid, but without the H+

Question 30

What makes up an acid-base neutralization reaction

Answer 30

an acid and base on the reactant side and water and salt on th eproduct side

Question 31

PH values corresponding to acidic, neutral, and basic solutions

Answer 31

Acidic: 0-6 Neutral: 7 Basic: 8-14

Question 32

OH- values

Answer 32

Acidic: 14-8 Neutral: 7 Basic: 6-0

Question 33

H+ values

Answer 33

Acidic: 0-6 Neutral: 7 Basic: 8-14

Question 34

Describes changes that involve the nucleus of the atom

Answer 34

Nuclear chemistry

Question 35

Particles in the nucleus (protons and neutrons)

Answer 35

Nucleons

Question 36

atomic number

Answer 36

protons only

Question 37

mass number

Answer 37

protons and neutrons

Question 38

An atom or nucleus containing a particular number of protons and neutrons

Answer 38

Nuclide

Question 39

Have the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers

Answer 39

Isotopes

Question 40

Changes in the structure of a nucleus

Answer 40

Nuclear Reactions

Question 41

Show nuclear changes

Answer 41

Nuclear Equations

Question 42

The spontaneous release of particles and/or energy (radiation) from a nucleus

Answer 42

Radioactivity

Question 43

Emission of a helium nucleus

Answer 43

Alpha Decay

Question 44

Emission of an electron

Answer 44

Beta Decay

Question 45

Release of energy (gamma rays)

Answer 45

Gamma Decay (Neither the atomic number or mass number changes)

Question 46

A naturally occurring sequence of radioactive decays

Answer 46

Radioactive Decay Series

Question 47

The amount of time required for one-half of a sample of a radioactive substance to decay into something else

Answer 47

Half-life

Question 48

A large nucleus shatters into smaller nuclei

Answer 48

Fission

Question 49

Can go under fission

Answer 49

Fissile

Question 50

A powerful force that holds the nucleus together

Answer 50

Nuclear force

Question 51

Does not apply to nuclear changes

Answer 51

Law of conservation of Mass states that mass

Question 52

Difference between the masses of the particles and the nucleus

Answer 52

Mass defect

Question 53

Mass can be converted into energy, and energy can be converted into mass

Answer 53

Mass-energy equivalence

Question 54

Released when the protons and neutrons form a new nucleus

Answer 54

Blinding energy

Question 55

Einsteins equations

Answer 55

E=mc^2 E=energy M=mass C= Speed of light