Exam 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the donor molecule for the modification phosphorylation?
ATP
What is the donor molecule for the modification Acetylation
Acetyl CoA
What is the donor molecule for the modification y-Carboxylation
HCO3-
What is an example of
a phosphorylation modified protein
glycogen
what is an example of an Acetylation modified protein
Histones
What is an example of a y-carboxylation modified protein
Thrombin
What do protein kinases do
modify proteins by attaching a phosphate to a serine, threonine, or tyrosine residue
What do Protein phosphates do
remove phosphates added by kinases
What is cushing’s syndrome
a collection of diseases resulting from excess secretion of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal cortex
what are zymogens
inactive proteases that are activated by cleavage
How is the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting activated?
by exposure of anionic surfaces of damaged tissue
How is the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting activated
exposure of tissue factor (an integral membrane glycoprotein)
What is Thrombin (serine protease)
cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin that assembles to form clot
What are nucleic acids
long, linear polymers constructed from four types of monomers
What is a nucleoside
a nitrogenous base bound to sugar
what is a nucleotide
a nucleoside with one or more phosphoryl groups
what are nucleoside triphosphates
the building blocks of DNA and RNA
How does ionic interaction contribute to the stability of the DNA helix
repulsion of phosphate groups in backbone
how do hydrogen bonds contribute to the stability of DNA helix
selective pairing of bases
how do van der waals interactions contribute to the stability of DNA helix
base stacking
how do hydrophobic forces contribute to the stability of DNA helix
removal of ring structures from aqueous environment
What does the hydrophobic effect do
promotes location of bases in the interior of the helix
what is denaturation
the separation of DNA strands by heating a solution of DNA
what is hypochrimism phenomenon
bases stacked in a double helix absorb less ultraviolet light than bases in a single-stranded molecule
