Exam 3 Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Piaget’s concept that occurs when new experiences that do not fit or cannot be assimilated into existing schemas
A
Accommodation
2
Q
A bluish discoloration of the newborns hands and feet as a result of poor peripheral circulation
A
Acrocyanosis
3
Q
Sharpness or clearness
A
Acuity
4
Q
Referring to movement of the extremities toward the center of the body
A
Adducted
5
Q
An emotional state of having conflicting, opposite feelings, such as love and hate, for a person or object
A
Ambivalence
6
Q
Known as “lazy eye”, a condition seen in early childhood caused by weaker muscles in one eye that, if not corrected, may lead to blindness
A
Amblyopia
7
Q
A childs thinking which causes them to believe that objects such as tables, trees and the sun have feelings and motives
A
Animistic
8
Q
An assessment scale used to indicate an overall picture of the newborns status
A
Apgar score
9
Q
Absence of respirations
A
Apnea
10
Q
Piaget’s second concept, which is the ability to absorb new information into the existing schemas
A
Assimilation
11
Q
Emotional bonds between mother and child
A
Attachment
12
Q
Independence and a sense of self
A
Autonomy
13
Q
The developing mass of cells at the point of implantation of a fertilized egg
A
Blastocyst
14
Q
Dental caries caused by sugar in milk or juice; it usually occurs when bottles are given at nighttime
A
Bottle-mouth syndrome
15
Q
Repeated negative action by one or more persons against chosen victims
A
Bullying
16
Q
A preschool child focusing or centering attention on only one cue
A
Centration
17
Q
A directional term that refers to growth and development that begins at the head and progresses downward toward the feet
A
Cephalocaudal
18
Q
The lower “neck” portion of the uterus
A
Cervix
19
Q
Any act or failure to act by a parent or caregiver that results in serious physical, emotional, sexual abuse, or exploitation of a child
A
Childe abuse
20
Q
Substances that carry the genes that transmit inherited characteristics
A
Chromosomes
21
Q
Incomplete congenital formation and nonunion of the hard palate
A
Cleft palate
22
Q
Precursor of breast milk, present as early as the seventh month of fetal life
A
Colostrum
23
Q
A mental mechanism that allows the person to make up for deficiencies in one are by excelling in another
A
Compensation
24
Q
Union of female ovum and the male sperm cell; also called fertilization
A
Conception
25
A persons internal system of values, similar to the superego
Conscience
26
Refers to Freuds theory that all experiences that are within ones immediate awareness
Conscious
27
A mental mechanism that converts unconscious feelings and anxiety into physical symptoms that have no underlying organic basis for the complaints
Conversion
28
A play style typical of preschool children in which they begin to take turns and share in a cooperative manner
Cooperative play
29
The willful use of the Internet, phone, or other technology to repeatedly harass or taunt persons
Cyberbullying
30
"Baby" or primary teeth, which usually appear at about 6 to 7 months of age
Deciduous teeth
31
Also known as mental mechanisms; techniques used at all stages of the life cycle to help individuals cope with the threat of anxiety
Defense mechanisms
32
The mental mechanism whereby the individual is unable to recognize the event or emotions surrounding an occurrence; these events are so painful that they are pushed out of consciousness
Denial
33
Tooth decay
Dental caries
34
The progressive acquisition of skills and the capacity to function
Development
35
Widening or expansion of an opening
Dilation
36
A mental mechanism that transfers emotions associated with a person or object to another, less threatening person or object
Displacement
37
Those genes that are more capable of expressing their traits than are other genes
Dominant genes
38
A family that is unable to offer its members a stable structure
Dysfunctional family
39
Shortening and thinning of the cervix
Effacement
40
The executive of the mind; it relates most closely to reality
Ego
41
A period of self-satisfaction that occurs during old age
Ego integrity
42
Self-centered thought or actions seen in toddlers who cannot sense the world from any point of view other than their own
Egocentric
43
The developing organism; called this until the end of the eighth week
Embryo
44
The process of neonatal-father bonding
Engrossment
45
Bed-wetting after the age when urinary control has been established
Enuresis
46
The center for ossification and growth at the end of long bones
Epiphyseal cartilage
47
The structure that connects the pharynx to the middle ear
Eustachian tube
48
The union of the female ovum and male sperm cell; also called conception
Fertilization
49
The developing organism; called this from the eighth week until birth
Fetus
50
Control over movements of the hands and fingers
Fine motor skills
51
Commonly called soft spots; spaces found between the infants cranial bones where the sutures cross
Fontanels
52
A family that fosters the growth and development of its members
Functional family
53
Eriksons task for middle-aged adults; it involves individuals desires to serve the larger community and have positive influences on their children
Generativity
54
Found on strands of DNA within the cell nucleus
Genes
55
Control of movements of the large muscles of the arms and legs
Gross motor skills
56
An increase in physical size
Growth
57
All characteristics that are transmitted through the genes and determines at the time of fertilization
Heredity
58
The body basic, primitive urges
id
59
A mental mechanism in which one takes on the personality traits of another person, usually one held in high esteem
Identification
60
Eriksons task for the school-aged child; at this stage children are productive and focus on the real world and their roles in it
Industry
61
The number of infant deaths before the first birthday per 1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate
62
Eriksons task for the preschool child demonstrated by pretend, exploration, and trying on of new roles
Initiative
63
The return of the uterus to its nonpregnant state
Involution
64
The individual chromosomal pattern of a person
Karyotype
65
Soft, fine, downy hair covering newborns
Lanugo
66
The period described by Freud when school-age childrens sexual energies are relatively dormant
Latency
67
Sex drive
Libido
68
An exaggerated lumbar curve seen in the toddler period
Lordosis
69
A malposition or imperfect contact between the upper and lower teeth
Malocclusion
70
The unfolding of skills or potential regardless of practice or training
Maturation
71
The first newborn stool, usually green-black in color and odorless
Meconium
72
Small clusters of pearly white spots found mostly on the infants nose, chin, and forehead; they result from nonfunctioning or clogged sebaceous glands
Milia
73
An elongation or overriding of the cranial bones that occurs during passage through the birth canal
Molding
74
The mass of cells following fertilization that resembles a mulberry
Morula
75
Genes for inherited traits that can only be transmitted if they exist in pairs
Recessive genes
75
The period following childhood and before adolescence in which the body prepares for the changes necessary for reproduction
Puberty
75
Negative, rebellious behavior exhibited by toddlers that is caused by frustration or a conflict of wills
Negativistic behavior
75
The newborn or the first 4 weeks of extrauterine life
Neonate
75
A form of nightmare whereby the sleeping child suddenly sits up screaming but is not fully awake
Night terrors
75
the provision of love, care, and attention to each family member
Nurturance
75
Sense of unlimited power or authority
Omnipotence
75
A loss of 5% to 10% of birth wight occurring in the early neonatal period with a regain in approximately 10 days
Norma physiological weight loss
75
Piagets description of infants ability to understanding that things will not disappear even if they cannot be seen
Object permanence
75
The hardening process whereby bone tissue gradually replaces the soft cartilage tissue
Ossification
75
Female sex cells
Ovum
75
The unique behavior patterns that distinguish one person from another
Personality
75
The rupture and release of the ovum
Ovulation
75
A play style typical of toddlers whereby they play alongside each other but do not really interact or share
Parallel play
75
A yellowish tinge to the skin of the newborn seen in the first 40 to 72 hours after birth
Physiological jaundice
75
A flattened circular mass of tissue attached to the inner uterine wall; this organ has several functions: to produce hormones, transport nutrients and wastes, and protect the unborn from harmful substances
Placenta
75
A directional term that refers to growth and development that progresses from the center of the body toward the extremities
Proximodistal
75
A slight blood-tinged vaginal discharge that may appear shortly after birth; it is thought to be related to the maternal hormones and disappears without any treatment
Pseudomenstraution
75
A mental mechanism used to justify or excuse undesirable actions or feelings; it is a face-saving technique that may or may not deal with the truth
Rationalization
75
A mental mechanism that keeps unacceptable feelings or thoughts out of ones awareness and replaces them with opposite feelings or thoughts
Reaction formation
75
Repetitive behavior, habits, or routines that serve to lower anxiety
Ritualistic behavior
75
Moral feelings of concern for what is fair to others, as described by Kohlberg
Reciprocity
75
Piagets descriptive pattern, consisting of several organized ideas that grows with a childs experiences
Schema
76
The understanding of how two actions may be related to each other
Reversibility
76
Fats that come from animals; found in meats and dairy products
Saturated fats
76
An intense fear of going to school
School phobia
77
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
78
Anxiety brought on by stress when the young child is separated from family by school, hospitalization, or family death
Separation anxiety
79
Jealousy of siblings that causes feelings of insecurity
Sibling rivalry
80
A flat, irregular, pigmented area in the lumbar-sacral region that sometimes appear on infants with more melanin in their skin
Slate gray nevus
81
The process of having the individual adapt to social customs
Socialization
82
An agent that helps to instill beliefs, values, and mores in a child
Socializing agent
83
Pertaining to the body
Somatic
84
The male sex cell
Sperm
85
Ericksons theory that occurs when a person is unconcerned with the welfare of others and is preoccupied with themself
Stagnation
86
Level of awareness that stores memories, thoughts, and feelings
Subconscious
87
A mental mechanism in which the individual channels or redirects unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable outlets
Sublimation
88
Referred to as crib death when the exact cause is not known
Sudden infant death syndrome
89
The part of the mind that dictates right from wrong and is similar to the conscience
Superego
90
The mental mechanism whereby one consciously puts out of awareness ones distressing feelings
Suppression
91
Thick bands of cartilage that separate the infants skull bones
Sutures
92
An advanced style of play typical of older children that requires the ability to follow rules and regulations; may be competitive in nature
Team play
93
Chemical or physical substances that can adversely affect the unborn
Teratogens
94
The connecting link between the fetus and the placenta
Umbilical cord
95
Freuds description of the part of the mind that is closed to ones awareness
Unconscious
96
A mental mechanism in which the individual acts in a manner that symbolically cancels a previous unacceptable thought or action
Undoing
97
A white, cheese-like, protective covering found on the neonates skin
Vernix Caseosa
98
The gradual substitution of the cup for the breast or bottle
Weaning
99
A fertilized ovum
Zygote
