Exam 3

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

collection of people who share attributes and identify with one another

Question 2

Primary Group

Answer 2

most face-to-face interaction and deepest feelings

Question 3

Secondary Group

Answer 3

Larger and less personal, often organized around a task like work or school

Question 4

Group Dynamics

Answer 4

patterns of interactions between groups including how they form and fall apart, influence members

Question 5

In-group

Answer 5

A group a person identifies with

Question 6

Out-group

Answer 6

A group a person feels opposition towards

Question 7

Reference group

Answer 7

provides a standard of comparison where people evaluate themselves

Question 8

Group Think

Answer 8

cohesive groups enforce a degree of conformity and demands for unanimous agreement

Question 9

Social loafing

Answer 9

Individuals work less hard due to a larger group

Question 10

Social identity

Answer 10

Degree to which an individual identifies with a group

Question 11

In most situations where people have power, we ____________

Answer 11

give them that power

Question 12

Max Weber reasons for giving power

Answer 12

Tradition (birthright), Charisma, or Rational Legal (laws or procedures)

Question 13

Bureaucracies

Answer 13

one of the most common organizational forms, ideally suited to accomplish tasks of all sorts on large scales

Question 14

Max Weber, 6 bureaucratic quality

Answer 14

1. Governed by universal rules
2. Written documents and file-keeping
3. Employment of qualities or expert
4. Hierarchy of superiors and subordinates
5. Merit-based promotion
6. Personal property separate from organizational property

Question 15

Anomie

Answer 15

lack of moral regulation

Question 16

Social Networks

Answer 16

webs of direct and indirect ties that vary in strength and duration

Question 17

Strength of ties depend on

Answer 17

Time, emotional intensity, mutual confiding, and rhetorical services

Question 18

Bridges, who?

Answer 18

A line in a network that provides the only path between two points, how info is diffused

Granvoetter

Question 19

No ______ is a bridge

Answer 19

strong tie

Question 20

Granovetter findings from The Labor Market

Answer 20

People are more likely to find out about jobs through weak ties

Question 21

Important of community

Answer 21

for both individuals and communities, formal organizations can provide a space for the development of weak ties and possible local bridges

Question 22

Deviance

Answer 22

any behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm and generate a negative sanction in a specific group

Question 23

How do sociologists view deviance?

Answer 23

neither good nor bad, just different from the cultural norm

Question 24

Durkheim Deviance

Answer 24

Deviance serves a positive social function by clarifying moral boundaries and promoting social cohesion

Question 25

Durkheim Mechanical Solidarity = _____ law

Answer 25

Repressive Law offenders must be punished

Question 26

Durkheim Organic Solidarity = _____ law

Answer 26

Restitutive Law offenders must compensate victims and return things to how they were

Question 27

Talcott Parsons Sociological concept? Society is composed of 4 systems:

Answer 27

Structural Functionalism Cultural system → meanings Social System → statuses and roles Personality System → individual drives and aspirations Behavioral system → physical input

Question 28

Robert Merton Sociological concept? What theory?

Answer 28

Strain Theory there are goals in our society that people want to achieve, but they cannot always do so which creates stress (strain) because people are aware of the goals but do not have the means to achieve them.

Question 29

Merms

Answer 29

testes and some female genitalia but no ovaries

Question 30

Ferms

Answer 30

ovaries and some male genitalia but no testes

Question 31

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 31

XXY

Question 32

Superman Syndrome

Answer 32

XYY

Question 33

Turners Syndrome

Answer 33

X

Question 34

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 34

distinction of two discrete variants of sex

Question 35

Nuture v Nature debate

Answer 35

goal is to access the degree to which differences between humans reflect biological forces or social influences

Question 36

The Essentialist Perspective

Answer 36

Nature side of the debate Argues human differences are rooted in biology (determinism) Often leads to men’s inappropriate behavior towards women as “natural”

Question 37

Sexual harassment was not defined as a social problem till the ____

Answer 37

1980s

Question 38

Structural functionalists believe what about gender Talcott Parsons belief?

Answer 38

Believe certain social roles are better suited to one gender than the other Men → instrumental role (family material support and authority figure) Women → expressive role (family emotional support and nurturing)

Question 39

Symbolic Interaction (gender)

Answer 39

The concept of gender is socially constructed, maintained, and reproduce in our everyday lives We all “do” gender

Question 40

Conflict (gender)

Answer 40

Men have historically had access to most of society’s material resources and privilege We live in a global patriarchy

Question 41

The Glass Ceiling

Answer 41

subtle discrimination that effectively blocks the movement of women into higher positions in organisations

Question 42

6 points of feminism

Answer 42

Important of gender Important of equality Importance of choice Importance of sexual freedom Activism against the patriarchy Activism against gender violence

Question 43

3 waves of feminism

Answer 43

Wave 1: 1830s-1900s, focused on the right to vote Wave 2: post WWII focused on workplace equality and reproductive rights Wave 3: 1990’s to present, micro-politics of gender equality, intersectionality, reproductive rights