Exam 3

Question 1

In transduction, the viral genome…

Answer 1

Contain DNA from the previous host

Question 2

Each nucleotide is composed of…

Answer 2

One phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar

Question 3

A _______ is a specific segment of DNA that codes for the production of one functional product

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the (tRNA) anticodon would read ________.

Answer 4

CGU

Question 5

Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria differs from vertical gene transfer in that………

Answer 5

Horizontal gene transfer is between fellow (mature) bacteria and vertical gene transfer occurs during binary fission

Question 6

The directions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are specified by a ________ that consists of ________ nucleotide(s) in an RNA molecule

Answer 6

Codon; 3

Question 7

Helicase

Answer 7

Unzips helix

Question 8

Primase

Answer 8

Makes RNA primer

Question 9

DNA polymerase

Answer 9

Adds new bases and proofreads strand

Question 10

Ligase

Answer 10

Seals up strand fragments

Question 11

Gyrase (topoisomerase)

Answer 11

Relieves/removes supercoiling during DNA replication

Question 12

Conjugation, transformation, and transduction are all ways that bacteria ………

Answer 12

Increase their genetic diversity

Question 13

The lactose repressor ……..

Answer 13

Is inactivated by binding lactose

Question 14

The human intestine is much much longer than the human torso and must be arranged so that it fits into the abdomen. This is like the ________ process for bacterial DNA

Answer 14

Supercoiling

Question 15

A naked virus only has a(n) _______

Answer 15

Nucleocapsid

Question 16

Which is incorrect about bacteriophages?

Answer 16

Can enter a host cell through endocytosis

Question 17

All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except…..

Answer 17

They are located between the capsid and nucleic acid

Question 18

The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid into the host cell cytoplasm is called _______

Answer 18

Uncoating

Question 19

Which of the following is not associated with every virus?

Answer 19

Spike proteins

Question 20

All of the following pertain to viral envelopes except…….

Answer 20

It’s gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane

Question 21

Which property from the list below is not shared or demonstrated by all viruses?

Answer 21

All cause host cells to lyse

Question 22

Which of the following drugs would have the least impact on a naked ssDNA virus?

Answer 22

A drug that prevents viral induced host cell lysis

Question 23

A(n) _________ is the entire protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus

Answer 23

Capsid

Question 24

The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is ……..

Answer 24

Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, and release

Question 25

The duplication of a cell’s DNA is called

Answer 25

Replication

Question 26

True or false: All bacterial mutations are beneficial to the cell.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Of the following list, which antibiotics affect protein synthesis? Penicillin, Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin

Answer 27

Tetracycline and chloramphenicol

Question 28

Consider the following sentence: ‘the dog did not eat’. Create a point substitution mutation

Answer 28

The doe did not eat

Question 29

Human activities is most likely to have contributed to an increase in the number of bacteria having resistance plasmids to antibiotics

Answer 29

Heavy and widespread use of antibiotics in the humans and food supplies

Question 30

All of the following pertain to transcription except… -its occurs before translation -it occurs on a ribosome -it requires RNA polymerase -it requires a template DNA strand -is it a process that occurs before proteins synthesis

Answer 30

It occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 31

For a mutation to affect large populations of bacteria it MUST be…

Answer 31

Beneficial to the bacterium and able to be transferred between cells

Question 32

The enzyme that can proofread replicating DNA, detect and remove incorrect bases, and finally correctly replace them is ____

Answer 32

DNA polymerase

Question 33

True or false: DNA replication proceeds in one direction around the bacterial chromosome

Answer 33

False

Question 34

RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA -does not have thymine -has uracil -has ribose -is typically a single stranded chain of nucleotides

Answer 34

All of the choices are correct

Question 35

What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors

Answer 35

Tail fibers

Question 36

Based on the viral structures present, which type of virus would you generally expect to be the smallest type of virus type?

Answer 36

Naked virus