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abnormal psychology > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the big 5 of personality

A

OCEAN
O-openness
C-consciensciousness
E-extraversion
A-agreeableness
N-Neuroticism

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2
Q

how to characterize personality disorders (3)

A

Persistent
Pervasive
Pathological

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3
Q

personality definition

A

individuals unique and stable way of experiencing the world

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4
Q

what are the difficulties in diagnosing personality disorders

A

-decreased consistency/reliability
-can be overlapping other traits
-continuum- difficult to identify extreme

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5
Q

traits that describe cluster A and diagnoses of cluster A

A

odd or eccentric
Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

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6
Q

traits that describe cluster B and the diagnoses

A

dramatic, emotional, erratic
-Antisocial, narcissistic, borderline, histrionic

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7
Q

traits that describe cluster C and diagnoses

A

anxious, fearful
- avoidant dependent, obsessive compulsive

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8
Q

how to distinguish paranoid personality disorder

A

-distrust of all people
-assuming- seeing in places that dont make sense
-looking for someone to do you wrong

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9
Q

how to distinguish schizoid personality disorder

A
  • do not care about others nor their opinions
    -least likely to seek therapy
  • no non-verbal communication/gestures, cold and flat
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10
Q

how to distinguish schizotypal personality disorder

A
  • want relationships but uncomfortable
  • odd behavior, fashion, beliefs, speech
    -think their behavior influences the world
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11
Q

biopsychosocial of schizotypal personality disorder

A

-can be a precursor to schizophrenia
-heritable, and in men
-psychological: high openness, low extroversion

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12
Q

how to distinguish antisocial personality disorder

A

-breaks the law
-impulsivity
-lack of remorse or guilt!
-aggressive

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13
Q

where would you find most people with antisocial personality disorder

A

jails- forensic setting

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14
Q

risk-> childhood->adolescence-> adulthood
in terms of antisocial personality disorder

A

-risk: genetics, parent mental health, hyperactivity
-childhood: history of abuse, permissive parenting, academic problems, oppositionality
-adolescence: delinquent friends, CONDUCT DISORDER
-adulthood: incarceration, burnout

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15
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

impulsive, unstable relationships, frantic efforts to avoid abandonment

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16
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

uncomfortable if not center of attention, provocative- care what people think to get validation

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17
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

belief that one is special, dont care what people think because think theyre better than everyone else

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18
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

-more severe than social anxiety
-avoids due to criticism, disapproval, rejection

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19
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

excessive need to be taken care of. advice or reassurance to make decisions

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20
Q

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A

control freaks -excessive devotion to work and productivity

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21
Q

many individuals with cluster A are not seeking

A

treatment

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22
Q

what is the only empirically supported treatment for personality disorders

A

dialectal behavior therapy

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23
Q

psychopathy

A

more specific type of antisocial with deeper emotional and interpersonal traits. both traits and behavior

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24
Q

substance use

A

use of substance that does not impair functioning

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25
substance intoxication
psychological changes in CNS, reversible
26
depressants/sedatives
alcohol, hypnotics, barbituates, benzos
27
stimulants
caffeine, cocaine/meth, tobacco
28
opiates/narcotics
opioids
29
hallucinogens
cannabis
30
what neurotransmitters does alcohol affect
GABA-inhibitory glutamate- excitatory
31
what is wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
dementia due to recurrent alcohol use
32
what neurotransmitter(s) do barbiturates act on
GABA
33
stimulants can increase____ and work by increasing ____
energy, dopamine
34
withdrawal of stimulants has the opposite effect of
the high
35
what is the most frequent drug used worldwide
caffeine
36
effects of adenosine receptors and caffeine
the more of them, the more tired you become- how tolerance happens
37
how does cocaine work
inhibits reabsorption of dopamine
38
how is nicotine addiction maintained
negative reinforcement, removing anxiety with hit of vape
39
what neurotransmitters do opioids affect
treating pain by mimicking endorphins
40
what do hallucinogens disrupt in terms of neurotransmitters
serotonin system
41
why do people have different reactions to cannabis
different concentration of endogenous cannabinoid
42
inhalants
vapors from a variety of chemicals that yield an immediate effect of euphoria or sedation
43
neurotransmitter that mimics effect of inhalants
none
44
psychological factors and etiology of substance use
positive reinforcement- when you do drug, feels good so more likely to do it again negative reinforcement- maintain drug use because use removes unpleasant state
45
what is a compensatory response
When you take a drug repeatedly, your body learns to anticipate its effects and tries to counteract them in advance to maintain balance (homeostasis
46
what is the only behavioral addiction associated with substance related disorders
gambling disorder
47
biological interventions for substance use disorder
-methadone: opioid agonist -buprenorphine (suboxone) : opioid partial antagonist -naltrexone: (vivitrol) opioid antagonist
48
community options for SUD -non evidence based
12 step program approaches sMART recovery
49
issues related to SUD treatments
-levels of care -how often using -goal: abstinence or not -one substance or many
50
what are the evidence based psychological treatments for SUD
-Relapse prevention -motivational interviewing -contingency management
51
how does contingency management work
based on positive reinforcement, money by not using substances
52
how does relapse prevention work
identifying antecedent and consequences of behavior -harm reduction
53
what is the 12 step programs premise
addiction is an uncontrolable medical disease
54
what is sex
xx, xy, what is in chromosomes, hormones, what contributes to being male or female
55
what is gender
social role of being male or female
56
what is gender identity
persons sense of their own gender
57
what is gender dysphoria
incongruence between the gender assigned at birth and their experienced or expressed gender
58
what is transition in gender dysphoria
living as desired gender, surgery, hormone therapy
59
psychological treatment for gender dysphoria
goal is not to resolve dysphoria, provide support, increase quality of life
60
what is paraphilia
unusual sexual interests, but do not cause harm to another person or create distress
61
what is paraphilic disorder
recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors not associated with phenotypically normal or consenting partners n
62
criterion A for paraphilic disorders
severity, over a period of at least six months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal
63
criterion B from paraphilic disorders
diagnostic, the individual has acted on these sexual urges with a nonconsenting person
64
what is fetishistic disorder
recurrent, intense sexual arousal of non-living objects, or specific non-erotic body parts -criterion B -need it for sexual arousal
65
what is transvestic disorder
recurrent, intense sexual arousal involving cross-dressing -must be distressing
66
what is exhibitionist disorder
-sexual arousal from exposure of ones genitals to an unsuspecting person -not streaking
67
what is frotteuristic disorder
sexual arousing from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person -not caught
68
voyeuristic disorder
sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person, who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity -peeping tom
69
sexual sadism disorder
sexual arousal from physical or psychological suffering of another person -rape behaviors
70
sexual masochism disorder
sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer
71
pedophilic disorder
sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a pre-pubescent child
72
paraphilic disorders etiology
-exclusively male -onset adolescent or young adulthood -classical conditioning for fetishes
73
biological treatments for paraphilic disorders
anti-androgen medications to try to reduce sex drive -high recidivism with medication only treatments
74
psychological treatments for paraphilic disorders
no empirical behavioral or CBT methods -learning to decrease arousal to innapproproate sexual stimuli
75
difference between normal aging and neurocognitive disorders
normal aging causes changes in physical functioning, social functioning, and cognitive abilities -typically gradual cognitive decline from previous performance
76
what is delirium
disturbance in attention or awareness that typically occurs in the context of a medical illness or substance
77
mild neurocognitive disorder
deficits do nit interfere with independence in everyday activities
78
major neurocognitive disorder
impair independence in everyday activities significant cognitive decline relative to previous function
79
neurocognitive disorder due to alzheimers disease
neurofibrilary tangles, cerebral senile plaques, slow creep, impairments increase over time
80
early onset alzheimers is more likely to be
genetic
81
risk factors of alzheimers
-increasing age -genetic factors -hypertension, obesity, diabetes
82
protective factors of alzheimers
-physical activity -increased mental activity -advanced education -use of NSAIDS
83
alzheimers is curable and reversible true or false
false
84
what is vascular neurocognitive disorder
cognitive impairment due to vascular disease (stroke)
85
what is parkinsons disease
specific motor impairments
86
what is huntongtons disease
rare, genetic, degenerative disorder -cognitive and specific motor impairments -terminal
87

abnormal psychology (5 decks)

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