exam 3 Flashcards

Question

Seismic waves

Answer 1

Vibrations in the crust

Answer 2

Origin of where earthquake occurs Magnitude of earthquake is the severity

Answer 3

Experienced a 7.2 magnitude earthquake

Answer 4

It measures magnitude of the earthquake (amplitude of wave) Largest recorded: 9.5 in chile, 1960

Answer 5

Cause tsunamis Series of huge waves generated when ocean floor suddenly rised or drops December 2004-indian ocean tsunami Magnitude 9.2 230,0000+ lost lives Japan Nuclear radiation from it

Answer 6

Sheets of icermed from snow pack Most occur on land but can extend out to sea Climate change recedes them Distinct landforms Mounded hills: moraines, drumlines Bodies of water: kettle lakes

Answer 7

Composition of gases 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen

Answer 8

Troposphere Stratosphere

Answer 9

Helps filter harmful UV radiation

Answer 10

CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor Can trap heat in the atmosphere - like a blanket They are natural, we need them to survive

Answer 11

Urbanized areas that experience higher temps than outlying areas Albedo effect How much sunlight is reflected from earth's surface, then held onto. Light surfaces reflect more than darker surfaces

Answer 12

Stormwater retention Provide shade Thermoregulation, evapotranspiration aesthetic Not absorbing heat thru black top

Answer 13

Has a high albedo effect- what does this mean as we are seeing more sea ice melting? Positive feedback loop, melting contributes to more melting

Answer 14

Ice cores Annual tree rings → tells u tree age, thru ring space indicating growth during that year Helps understand earlier climates Real time atmospheric CO2 measuring

Answer 15

Increases in CO2 increases in temp

Answer 16

Intergovernmental panel on climate change Scientists + gov representatives to review causes effects and data surrounding climate change Every 6-7 years or so Aim to limit going 1.5 degrees above the pre industrial temperature Temperature over time (form pre industrial) to keep it under

Answer 17

Hottest year on record by NASA We went above the 1.5 degree rise

Answer 18

CO2 Produced abundantly over the last decades in the atmosphere Methane Pools holding waste releasing agriculture Landfills + agriculture main ways Why we compost

Answer 19

unintentional emission Thru extraction, delivery of fossil fuels (like pipelines)

Answer 20

Global warming See ice reduction Dying polar bears See temps rise Melting glaciers

Answer 21

Sinking bc ground water being taken up for agriculture/ residential areas Areas design cities to have canals

Answer 22

Manila does not have ability to weather the storm bc reefs help in stormwater management Storms overall get stronger, that the areas can fight off tho as readily as erosion and other stuff

Answer 23

They look at models of temp change And fossil fuel consumption Deforestation Natural volcanic eruptions does not follow human factors

Answer 24

Paris climate agreement International climate change agreement each country expected to lower GHG emissions with the overall goal of limiting the earth's average temp increaser to below 2 degrees celsius - pre industrial level 1.5 degrees → decided it is better not to go above

Answer 25

Clean energy tax credits EPA regulations on power plants Auto industry regulations-switching to EV vehicles

Answer 26

If you pollute air you have to pay a tax

Answer 27

Cap on how much carbon can be emitted that the gov sets Permits or allowances for companies to emit a certain amount

Answer 28

Having a mirror in space that reflects part of the sunlight so it does not hit the surface

Answer 29

Europe has probs with air pollution

Answer 30

Presence of chemicals in the atmosphere harming organisms

Answer 31

Windblown dust, wildfire residue, volcanic eruptions

Answer 32

Power Plants Industrial facilities Motor vehicles

Answer 33

Natural ambient air quality stickers 6 criteria pollutants Transportation powerplants- main emitters of pollutants, PM particulate matter Sulfur dioxide Carbon monoxide Nitrogen dioxide Ozone in the stratosphere (troposphere its a pollutant

Answer 34

Released directly from the source into the air in a harmful form Carbon, sulfur

Answer 35

Converted to a hazardous form after they enter the air or are formed by chemical reactions as components of the air mi and interact Ozone Needs sunlight to form that reaction

Answer 36

Sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid Harmful pollutants Colorless corrosive gas Coal and oil Ore go thru smelting that can release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere Water vapor and sulfuric acid → breaking down chlorophyll in leaf acid rain, statues disintegrating

Answer 37

Highly reactive gasses that forms with nitrogen heated air to a particular temperature in the presence of oxygen Can react w water= nitric acid Nitric acid and sulfuric relate to acid rain

Answer 38

Rainfall in 1986 more acidic bc more sulfur dioxide issues + nitrogen oxide pollution Seen in forests at high altitudes dying off

Answer 39

Worked well in bringing down pollution for sulfur dioxide Step 1. U set a cap for how much pollution can get into atmosphere Give permits and allowances The flexibility marketing economics comes in that if one powerpoint is under allowance they can sell it to another power plant that wants to emit more The cap is lowered over 5 years Forced companies to adopt diff technologies, to lessen emissions

Answer 40

Carbon monoxide Colorless odorless toxic gas, from incomplete combustion of fuel (coal, oil, fuel, gas) Makes hemoglobin unable to hold oxygen + deliver it to cells Emit thru transportation and fires 90% of it in the atmosphere gets converted into carbon dioxide Particulate matter Solid particles of, dust, lint, smoke, pollen Reduce visibility Damage lung tissues Wildfires in canada → ppl had school cancelled

Answer 41

Wind charcoal fires increase the amount of pollution indoors Cigarette smoke, chemicals in building materials

Answer 42

Ozone Secondary pollutant, volatile organic compounds combines with sunlight lead to it like formaldehyde and chlorine (coughing, breathing prob) Lead Industrial and mining, smelting of metal ores, older houses have lead paint Liquid mercuries being used to release gold Or used to burn coal Impacts arsenic, nickel and lead

Answer 43

Made over 30 rules to roll back mercury and other pollutants Lee zelden

Answer 44

Asthma Chronic bronchitis Muscle spasms constricting airways Emphysema When permanently restricted ti is emphysema

Answer 45

Dilution is the pollution? No Converting to more renewable energy Air filter, remove particulates in smoke stacks (industry) China had rlly polluted air Beijing is the smog capital of the world Required industry to bring down pollution

Answer 46

Pollution going down From emission controls Cap and trade with sulfur dioxide - went down

Answer 47

97% of all water on planet Freshwater 3% Most trapped in ice/glaciers

Answer 48

liquid water to gas

Answer 49

turns liquid water into gas rain, hail, returns to earths surface

Answer 50

Water falling from the sky Seeping into the ground stored as ground water If it does not go into the ground it becomes runoff, back to the ocean Used for irrigation→ we use alot of ground water

Answer 51

Bc the air is warmer and holding more moisture leading to more storms and significant storms

Answer 52

Prevailing winds traveling up the mountain picking up moisture from the ocean Cooling letting moisture go, coming down other side of mountain starts to fall and warm up Air conditions on leeward side Windward side is more lush bc more rainfall Ex. death valley CA

Answer 53

The composition of the soil permanently or seasonally saturated and specific plants will determine if area is a wetland

Answer 54

Prevent erosion Storing water Prevent flooding Biodiversity Birding Canoeing Kayaking Re supply groundwater Vegetation can filter pollutants breakdown toxic waste

Answer 55

Zone of aeration Where plants get moisture from Zone of saturation Where the ground water is

Answer 56

Distinguished between the zone of aeration and saturation

Answer 57

Porous layers of sand, gravel, rock below the water table Wetlands help recharge the aquifer Reservoirs for ground water

Answer 58

Pulling groundwater causes sinking Rely on food production happening using too much water

Answer 59

Irrigation pumps are pumping out water Over watering is bad Using additional resources for over watering is bad Cant naturally recharge if water is pumped to fast Ones near the shore can have saltwater infiltrate making it unusable

Answer 60

Lake is drying from drought,snowcap, population using too much water Water evaporation

Answer 61

Impact ook with high risk disease, when water exposes sediment of the lake bed which can blow metals in the atmosphere respiratory issues, lung cancers, more pollutants

Answer 62

Solutions is maybe we should stop building in places that cannot support human dev and growth People start wearing gas masks

exam 3 Flashcards

(86 cards)