exam 3 study guide Flashcards

Question

What are examples of indoor air pollutants?

Answer 1

Indoor pollution Wind charcoal fires increase the amount of pollution indoors Cigarette smoke, chemicals in building materials

Answer 2

Asthma Chronic bronchitis Muscle spasms constricting airways Emphysema When permanently restricted it is emphysema

Answer 3

What can we do Dilution is the pollution? No Converting to more renewable energy Air filter, remove particulates in smoke stacks (industry) China had rlly polluted air Beijing is the smog capital of the world Required industry to bring down pollution Clean air legislation Pollution going down From emission controls Cap and trade with sulfur dioxide - went down

Answer 4

Pollution going down From emission controls Cap and trade with sulfur dioxide - went down Oceans 97% of all water on planet Freshwater 3% Most trapped in ice/glaciers

Answer 5

Evaporations liquid water to gas Precipitation turns liquid water into gas rain, hail, returns to earths surface Infiltration and surface runoff Water falling from the sky Seeping into the ground stored as ground water If it does not go into the ground it becomes runoff, back to the ocean Used for irrigation→ we use alot of ground water More intense storms Bc the air is warmer and holding more moisture leading to more storms and significant storms

Answer 6

Prevailing winds traveling up the mountain picking up moisture from the ocean Cooling letting moisture go, coming down other side of mountain starts to fall and warm up Air conditions on leeward side Windward side is more lush bc more rainfall Ex. death valley CA

Answer 7

Wetlands The composition of the soil permanently or seasonally saturated and specific plants will determine if area is a wetland Ecosystem services Prevent erosion Storing water Prevent flooding Biodiversity Birding Canoeing Kayaking Re supply groundwater Vegetation can filter pollutants breakdown toxic waste

Answer 8

Zone of aeration Where plants get moisture from Zone of saturation Where the ground water is Water table Distinguished between the zone of aeration and saturation Aquifer Porous layers of sand, gravel, rock below the water table Wetlands help recharge the aquifer Reservoirs for ground water

Answer 9

Pulling groundwater causes sinking Rely on food production happening using too much water

Answer 10

Ogallala aquifer Irrigation pumps are pumping out water Over watering is bad Using additional resources for over watering is bad Cant naturally recharge if water is pumped to fast Ones near the shore can have saltwater infiltrate making it unusable Utah's environmental nuclear bomb Lake is drying from drought,snowcap, population using too much water Water evaporation Effects of lake drying Impact ook with high risk disease, when water exposes sediment of the lake bed which can blow metals in the atmosphere respiratory issues, lung cancers, more pollutants

Answer 11

Agriculture Uses a lot of water - largest use of water Chocolate needs a high processing of water Beef also for water use kg of beef takes abt 15k meters of water

Answer 12

Water conservation efforts What can you find Cloud seeding Planes go up and shoot flares into clouds that have silver iodide particles causes rainfall from these clouds -geoengineering, stop warming of the planet Desalination plants Taking out the salt from water in the ocean, converting it into freshwater =, suitable for human consump. Irrigation Desalination drawbacks Large capital cost Use a lot of energy to run Recycled Able to recycle waste water and clean it up for different uses Sponge city Make greater use of low impact nature based solutions, to help in storing, distributing water in areas, wetland in the middle of the city, more permeable asphalt to help water absorption, green vegetation

Answer 13

Any physical, biological or chemical change in water quality that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses Point source pollution Specific place of discharge, makes it easy to monitor, track and regulate Drain pipes, sewers, treatment plants, ditches, coal mines, oil wells, locations easy to identify Non point source More scattered, harder to identify where it is coming from Farms - coming from runoff, variety of farms Runoff from lawns, gardens, golf courses, using herbicide or fertilizer

Answer 14

Viruses, parasites, typhoid, cholleria→ make ppl sick From untreated water- human animal waste Less dev countries do not have treatment plants to treat the water 80% of sickness in low income countries is from waterborne infectious agents

Answer 15

Gulf of mexico, gulf of america Fertilizer runoff The mississippi watershed collects the runoff emptied out into the gulf

Answer 16

Clean water act National pollution discharge elimination system (permits) Upgrade municipal sewage treatment plants States establish total maximum daily loads (TMDL) Led to significant improvement in surface water quality * qater quality information is displayed on 3 scales in How's My Waterway; community, state and national.

Answer 17

Standards for drinking water Pfas→ polyfluoroalkyl substance - manufactured chemicals Drinking water regulation Non stick pans etc Don't break down- linked to health issues like cancer, hormone disruption, reproductive issues, thyroid dev, abnormal dev, liver

Answer 18

City tap is actually tested more Half the bottled water is repurposed municipal water Microplastics in there More plastic in general Some residences have to rely on bottled water

Answer 19

Prevent pollution in chesapeake bay Bc the sus river is part of the chesapeake bay They work w farmers to lessen runoff Plant trees - establish river buffers, more vegetation to capture excess nutrients running off farmers field

Answer 20

Primary treatment - physically separate large solid from waste Screening - remove large solid Settlement tank- remove remaining solid Secondary - use microorganisms to decompose it Bacteria- in beds or tanks purify solids Water

Answer 21

Large infrastructure to treat water Low tech solutions Set up constructive wetlands Using duppy remove organic nutrients from water - used as animal feed

Answer 22

Smaller treatment uses UV light to clean up water - for countries without large infrastructure Safe drinking water to ghana india, philippines siberia UNITED STATES: Is a net exporter of energy Liquified natural gas transported to europe

Answer 23

100% zero emission electricity by 2040 (renewables and nuclear) Nuclear energy is a non renewable but does not emit any direct gas into atmosphere Nuclear is 26% renewable is 75%

Answer 24

Key thing in importance of not wasting energy Making sure buildings and homes are energy efficient as they can be New insolation, heat pumps, multiple pane windows Passive house- windows are well positioned to daylight so you don't have to turn on light in your house

Answer 25

Photovoltaic PV cells Convert solar energy to electric energy Hooked up to battery or connected to the grid Community solar Community shares solar rays connected to utility

Answer 26

Mutualistic relationship btwn sheep farmers and solar panel companies Farmers bring sheep to graze these areas bc cant have grass get too high Solar panels provide shade for the sheep Then the company does not have to worry abt maintaining the field

Answer 27

Kinetic energy captured by wind turbines Offshore wind farms Ppl think it is and eyesore NIMBY Not in my backyard I dont want something so close to me that i can hear or see What about birds Birds getting killed by turbines To prevent Avoid migration terminals Painting them Stopping them let birds go

Answer 28

Producing electricity form flowing water Dams controlling the flow of water, spinning the turbine generating electricity No carbon emissions The good and the bad Construction of the dams - destroys habitat that was there before Controlling the flow of water can impact the fish like salmon need to swim upstream to spawn So they make fish ladder to help fish move easily People can be displaced Expensive to build / construct Need lots of maintenance and repair Most dams are not built for electricity generation

Answer 29

Used to acquire natural gas Hydrofracking Natural gas resource hard to reach places Water contamination in groundwater Destabilizing the earth's surface- earthquakes Lots of waste

Answer 30

Producing electricity form flowing water Dams controlling the flow of water, spinning the turbine generating electricity No carbon emissions The good and the bad Construction of the dams - destroys habitat that was there before Controlling the flow of water can impact the fish like salmon need to swim upstream to spawn So they make fish ladder to help fish move easily People can be displaced Expensive to build / construct Need lots of maintenance and repair Most dams are not built for electricity generation Climate change Bringing more rainfall could be good Areas can experience drought like conditions bad for hydropower

Answer 31

Plant materials, agricultural waste, could be burned or used for fuel See in solid or liquid form 40% of corn produced in the united states used to make ethanol Advantage /Concern Using shrubs or other things for biomass production Put some Co2 into the atmosphere but not as much Rely less on fossil fuels if using more biomass Corn concern Alot of corn thats grown in this country for ethanol production are monoculture require lots of inputs on large pieces of land that corn is planted every year

Answer 32

Solid fossil fuel formed from remains of land plants Transported by railroad Conventional coal is plentiful Low cost Main issue w coal Its dirty Contributes to air pollution- mercury, arsenic, lead Environmental damage to extract it Dangerous for workers Black lung disease

Answer 33

Wyoming West virginia Pennsylvania But we as a country moved away from coal production - more investment with wind, solar, etc

Answer 34

Refining of crude oil Offshore drilling - lots of oil comes from here From marine algae and plankton 2018 BP oil spill in the gulf of mexico Canadian oil sands - get lots of oil from here

Answer 35

Water contaminates Accidents Methane pollution

Answer 36

Technically considered a nonrenewable resource Uranium Controlled nuclear fission reaction in a reactor Nuclear fission- the splitting apart of nuclei that release energy each decision releases neutrons which causes more chain reactions Fuel rods (put in the ore) and control rods (slowing down) Water used as coolant

Answer 37

Advantages No emissions Provides ton of energy Disadvantages Using too much energy Major disaster can occur Really expensive Proximity Limited amount - extraction Radioactive Waste

Answer 38

Used for tech Companies interested in nuclear power and invest money to dev it Majority of americans support nuclear power

Answer 39

Volatile organic compound mainly methane accumulate on the top of oil / coal deposits Some say it is more environmentally friendly than coal- bc when burned does not produce as much co2 But still produces greenhouse gas, non renewable resource, is a fossil fuel Ecosystems being destroyed Light pollution Germany invested in clean energy but built all these terminals for natural gas

Answer 40

supports life on earth closest to the surface

Answer 41

Contains our ozone layer, protective layer that helps filter out harmful UV radiation

Answer 42

Geothermal energy Heat stored in soil, underground ricks, and fluids in the earth's mantle Geothermal heat pump system Uses temperature difference between the earth's surface and underground Fluid carried through a closed loop

exam 3 study guide Flashcards

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