Exam 3

Question 1

What is the PDH complex (name)

Answer 1

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 2

What is the PDH used to do

Answer 2

convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA for the citric acid cycle

Question 3

How many enzymes are used in the PDH complex reaction

Answer 3

3 (E1, E2, E3)

Question 4

How many co enzymes are used in the PDH complex reaction

Answer 4

5

Question 5

What are the co-enzymes used in the PDH complex reaction

Answer 5

NAD+, FAD, TPP, Lipoate, and CoA-SH

Question 6

What other reaction is TPP seen in?

Answer 6

ethanol fermentation - removes CO2 from the pyruvate

Question 7

Explain the use of Lipoate in PDH complex

Answer 7

Covalently attached to E2 - acts as a tether to keep pyruvate bound to the complex until rxn is finished

Question 8

What are the benefits of substrate channeling

Answer 8

substrate doesn’t have to release and refuse to the complex

high efficiency rate for reaction (pyruvate to acetly co-a)

Question 9

Where do the excess carbons go in the CA cycle

Answer 9

onto 2 CO2

Question 10

what are the challenges of the CA cycle

Answer 10

CAN NOT use decarboxylation or nuc. substitution

NEED TO USE aldol concentration

Question 11

what are other words for the CA cycle

Answer 11

Kreb’s cycle
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)

Question 12

what are the steps of the citric acid cycle (basic just names)

Answer 12

Oxaloacetate + Acetyl Co-A
Citrate
Isocitrate
a-ketoglutarate
succinyl-CoA
Succinate
Fumarate
Malate
(back to oxaloacetate)

Question 13

what are the pillars of catabolism (5 key intermediates)

Answer 13

acetate
pyruvate
oxaloacetate
a-ketoglutarate
succinate

Question 14

What is an Anoplerotic reaction

Answer 14

a reaction that replenishes parts of another reaction

Question 15

give an example of Anoplerotic reaction

Answer 15

if use CA cycle intermediate for biosynthesis, then you need to replenish oxaloacetate, you do this by converting pyruvate into oxaloacetate (thus an anoplerotic rxn)

Question 16

what is the gyloxylate cycle

Answer 16

analogous to CA cycle (but shorter)

conversion of acetyl-CoA to carbohydrate without loss of C as CO2

Question 17

Can we use the glyoxylate cycle

Answer 17

NO, it is only found in plants and bacteria

Question 18

Can we convert fatty acids into glucose

Answer 18

NO, we are not plants

Question 19

What makes to CA cycle so efficient

Answer 19

keeps running

can use its intermediates to build other biomolecules in biosynthesis

Question 20

give an example of CA cycles use in biosynthesis

Answer 20

glu –> CA cycle intermed –> C skeleton

Question 21

what type of enzyme is used to convert Triacylglycerols to 3 fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 21

lipase

Question 22

glycerol and 3 fatty acids conjoin to form

Answer 22

triacyl glycerol

Question 23

what is the kicked out in the formation of a triacylglycerol

Answer 23

3 waters (H2O)

Question 24

Beta oxidation is used in the conversion of ________ to __________.

Answer 24

fatty acids to acetyl-CoA

Question 25

glycerol is converted into glycerol-1-P using a ______ (type of enzyme) and uses ___ as an E source to do so

Answer 25

kinase uses ATP

Question 26

glycerol-1-P is converted to _________ using a dehydrogenase enzyme

Answer 26

DHAP

Question 27

the enzyme used to convert glycerol-1-P to DHAP is a ___________ and uses ______

Answer 27

dehydrogenase NAD+ --> NADH + H+

Question 28

How many acetyl-CoA molecules are used in the CA cycle, and what happens to their Carbons

Answer 28

1 acetyl-CoA (2 C's) its carbons are exported in CO2

Question 29

How many acetyl-CoA molecules are used in the Glyoxalate Cycle and where does its Carbons go

Answer 29

2 acetyl-CoA (4 C's) 1 Succinate (4 C's) NO CO2

Question 30

What is the use of Serum Albumin proteins

Answer 30

bind up to 10 Fatty acids in non-polar pockets

Question 31

What is the kDa and blood protein percentage of serum albumin proteins

Answer 31

~ 68 kDa ~50% of blood proteins

Question 32

what other reaction can fatty acid oxidation be compared to

Answer 32

the CA cycle

Question 33

say we have a fatty acid that has a 12 carbon chain, how many acetyl-CoA will be made

Answer 33

6

Question 34

say we have a fatty acid that has a 12 carbon chain, how many acetyl-CoA will be made

Answer 34

5 acetyl-CoA and 1 propionyl-CoA