Exam 3

Question 0

4 types of physical weathering

Answer 0

Near surface fracturing, frost & mineral wedging, thermal expansion, biological activity

Question 1

Physical weathering

Answer 1

Physical breaking apart of rocks exposed to the environment

Question 2

Chemical weathering

Answer 2

Chemical reactions that affect a rock by breaking down minerals or causing new minerals to form

Question 3

4 types of chemical weathering

Answer 3

Dissolution, oxidation, hydrolysis, biological reactions

Question 4

Sizes of clasts largest to smallest

Answer 4

Boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt

Question 5

Shapes of clasts

Answer 5

Angular & rounded

Question 6

Poorly sorted sediment

Answer 6

Contains wide range of clast sizes

Question 7

Moderate sorting

Answer 7

Contains sand or silt and small pebbles

Question 8

Well sorted sediment

Answer 8

Clasts all have the same size (indicates further transport)

Question 9

Conglomerate

Answer 9

Rounded, gravel-sized clasts

Question 10

Breccia

Answer 10

Angular, gravel sized clasts

Question 11

Mud sized clasts

Answer 11

Siltstone, shale

Question 12

Compaction

Answer 12

Increasing pressure pushes clasts together as sediment is buried

Question 13

How does coal form

Answer 13

From plant debris that is subjected to heat/pressure

Question 14

What is peat

Answer 14

Partially decayed plants that turn to coal

Question 15

Types of coal, in order from lowest to highest quality

Answer 15

Lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, anthracite

Question 16

What determines coal rank

Answer 16

Burial depth

Question 17

What is the predominate rank of coal in WV

Answer 17

Bituminous

Question 18

What are 2 disadvantages to using coal

Answer 18

Much overburden must be removed to expose it & harmful emissions

Question 19

Mining methods

Answer 19

Underground, surface & mountaintop removal

Question 20

Mass-wasting

Answer 20

Single event downward movement of material by gravity

Question 21

Unstable slopes are usually (soft/hard) rock, (firm/loose) soil, angle of repose is (greater than or less than) 35 degrees, ground is (dry/saturated) and (covered/barren)

Answer 21

Soft, loose, greater than, saturated, barren

Question 22

Angle of repose

Answer 22

Max angle that a slope of sediment or soil will remain stable

Question 23

Why does road construction make slopes considerably less stable?

Answer 23

1. Reduces vegetation
2. Steepens slope
3. Adds loose material
4. Disrupts water drainage

Question 24

6 types of slope movements

Answer 24

Creep, debris slides, earth flow, debris flow, debris avalanche, rock avalanche

Question 25

Stage

Answer 25

Water surface relative to a set elevation

Question 26

Drainage basin

Answer 26

Naturally defined area where streams drain

Question 27

Headwaters

Answer 27

Place where river system begins

Question 28

Causes of floods

Answer 28

Snowmelt, heavy rainfall, volcanic eruption, dam failure, urbanization

Question 29

Delta

Answer 29

Positive coastal feature built by a river

Question 30

Deltas build new land by

Answer 30

Sediment carried down the river

Question 31

Lock & dams do what & eventually cause deltas to

Answer 31

Slow the river down & cause deltas to sink because they're "starved for sediment"

Question 32

Tides

Answer 32

Tide daily rise & fall of the sea

Question 33

What causes tides

Answer 33

The moons gravity

Question 34

Spring tides

Answer 34

Extra high tides that occur twice a month because of the sun's & moon's gravities working together

Question 35

Neap tides

Answer 35

Extra low tides that occur twice a month caused by the sun's & moon's gravities working against each other

Question 36

What causes waves

Answer 36

The wind blowing across the surface of the water

Question 37

Sandy features produced by longshore currents

Answer 37

Spit, baymouth bar, barrier island