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Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the general somatic efferents?

A

These are motor neurons going to voluntary muscles

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2
Q

Which general somatic efferent innervates muscles that move the toung?

A

The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

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3
Q

Which general somatic efferent innervates muscles that move the eye?

A
  1. Oculomotor
  2. Troclear
  3. Abducence
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4
Q

What category of cranial nerves are associated with the autonomic functions?

A

General Visceral Efferents

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5
Q

Which GVE nerves have parasympathic funtions?

A

Oculomotor
Facial
Glossopharngeal
Vagus

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6
Q

Give 2 examples of visceral receptors that general visceral afferent nerves are related to.

A

Blood Pressure

O2 content

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7
Q

Which three nerves are the primary GVA?

A

Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

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8
Q

What types of nerves deal with sensation on the skin of the head and skin of the neck?

A

General somatic Afferents.

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9
Q

What are the GSAs?

A

Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

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10
Q

Which nerves are the Special Viseral Efferent nerves?

A 
Trigmeinal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory Nerve
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11
Q

What structures recieve SVE innervation?

A 
Motor impulses to things in the neck, such as:
Pharynx
Larynx
SCM
Traps
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12
Q

What types of senses has special visceral afferent innervation?

A

Chemical Sensations

  • smell
  • taste
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13
Q

Which Nereve carry SVA fibers?

A

Olfactory (smell)
Facial (Taste)
Glossopharyngeal (taste)
Vagus (taste)

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14
Q

What types of nerve fibers deal with vision?

A

Special Somatic Afferent

-Optic Nerve

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15
Q

Aside from vision, what sense is carried over special somatic afferent fibers?

A

Hearing and Balance

-Vestibulocochlear Nerve

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16
Q

Which cranial nerve exists on the Dorsal side of the brain?

A

Trochlear

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17
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve orginate?

A

The pons

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18
Q

Which side of the spinal cord contains the afferent fibers?

A

Dorsal side

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19
Q

Which side of the spinal cord contain the efferent fibers?

A

The ventral side

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20
Q

Within the spinal cord, which fibers are found more medially and which are found more lateral?

A

Medially - Visceral

Laterally - Sensory

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21
Q

What separates the sensory areas from the motor in the medualla? which are more medial/which are more lateral?

A

Sulculs Limmitans separates the 2

Motor = medial (efferent nerves)
Sensory = lateral (afferent nerves)
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22
Q

What motor nuclei are located in the medulla?

A

Hypoglossal (General somatic efferents)
Nucleus Ambiguious (General Somatic Efferent)
Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus

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23
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal foramen

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24
Q

What movements does CN XII control?

A

Handles intrinsic and extrinsic muscles o f tongue

Helps swallow and form words

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25
What functions are controlled by the Nucleus Ambiguous?
Motor to pharynx and larynx | Helps swallow and talk
26
True or False: the Dorsal Motor nucleus of the Vagus is an entirely somatic nucleus.
False: Also has a parasympathetic component
27
What are the main sensory nuclei in the medulla?
Nucleus solitarius Spinal Trigmenial Nucleus Vestibular Nucleus Cohclear Nucleus
28
Which nucleus receives basic information about taste?
The Nucleus solitarius
29
Which afferent nucluce receives information from the head and the neck?
The Spinal trigeminal nucleus
30
Which nuclus deal with hearing?
Cochlear nucleus
31
Which Nucleus deals with balance?
Vestibular nucleus
32
Which 2 lateral nuclei deal with SSA information?
(SSA = Special Somatic Afferents) | Cochlear and Vestibular
33
Which sensory nucleus in the medulla is a GSA nucleus?
(GSA = General Somatic Afferent) | Spinal trigeminal nucleus
34
Aside from taste, what information does the Nucleus Solitarius receive?
basic visceral input - Blood pressure - Oxygen content - Osmolality digestive input
35
What type of nucleus is the Nuclus Solitaris? (SSA, GSA, GVA, SVA)
General Visceral Afferent (GVA) | Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)
36
How would you group the cranial nerves?
``` Optic Olfactory Glossopharngeal Occulomotor, Troclear, Abducence Trigmeninal, Facial Vestibulocolear, Vagus, Spinal Accesroy, Hypolossal ```
37
Which nerves control eye movements?
Oculomotor nerve => CN III Trochlear nerve => CN IV Abducens nerve => CN VI
38
What is the largest of the 3 nerves that control eye movement?
The occularmotor nerve.
39
Where do the ascending fibers that control eye movement come from?
The medial longitudinal fasciculus
40
What type of fiber is the Oculomotor fiber?
General Somatic Efferent | General Visceral Motor
41
Where is the oculomotor nucleus found?
In the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus, just below the periaqudectual gray.
42
Where do the fibers of the oculomotor nerve exit the midbrain? where do they exit the skull?
Fibers exit the mid brain between 2 cerebral peduncles: interpeduncular fossa Exit cranium though the superior orbital fissure
43
What nucleus supplies the para sympathetic (and therefore the GVM) component of Cranial Nerve III?
Edinger- Westphal Nucleus
44
What actions does the oculomotor nerve control?
Eye movement and eyelid elevation (General Somatic Efferent) Constriction of pupil/lens accommodation (General Visceral Motor)
45
What muscles are controlled by the somatic component of the occulomotor nerve?
1. Lavator palpebraey supenoris 2. internal oblique 3. middle rectus 4. superior rectus 5. inferior rectus
46
Where is the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus located?
Dorsal to the oculomortor nuculus at the level of the superior colliculus/periaquductal gray.
47
What is the function of the lavator palpibre superious?
To lift the eyelid. It has nothing to do with eye movements.
48
Describe the path of the parasymthic oculomotor fibers.
Edinger-Westphal Nucleus --> exit the cranium with the oculomotor nerve at the superior orbital fissure --> synapse on the cilliary ganglion (just next to the optic nerve) --> short cilliary fibers run to 2 muscles (Sphincter pupillae; ciliary muscles)
49
What does the Cilliary muscle do?
It controls the shape of the lens. When contracted, lens is round (good for near vision). When relaxed lens is flat (good for far vision).
50
What does the constrictor pupillae muscle do?
Constricts the iris.
51
What reflexes are controlled by the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus?
Papillary light reflex | Accommodation reflex => focus
52
I've just shown a light into one eye. Name the reflex and describe the pathway.
Papillary Light Reflex (Note BOTH pupils will constrict) Light --> Retina --> Optic Tract --> Pretractal area of midbrain (this step happens bilaterally, which is why both eyes will have the reflex) --> Edinger-Westphal Nucleus on both sides --> Meets up with oculomotor nerve to go though interpeducular fossa and then supraorbial fissure --> to the cilliary gangilon --> to the constrictor pupillae muscle which constricts the lens
53
I look at something close to me, what reflex will kick in and describe the pathway.
Accommodation reflex Image hits retina --> Optic Nerve --> Chicsma --> Tract --> lateral geniculate nucleus --> visual cortex --> associational visual cortx decides the image is fuzzy --> through corticobulbar tract --> projection to Edinger-Westphal nucleus --> oculomotor --> out of the interpeducular fossa --> out of the cranium though the superior orbital fissure --> to the ciliary gangion --> to the short ciliary fibers --> to the cilliary muscle --> muscle contracts (lens becomes round). If you were looking at something far the only difference would be that the muscle relaxed causing the lens to become flat.
54
Where is the nucleus of the troclear nerve located?
In the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculs at the ventral part of (deep to) the periaqudeuctal gray.
55
What are the functional components of the Troclear Nerve?
GSE (General somatic motor efferent)
56
What muscle dose the troclear nerve control?
The superior oblique muscle
57
What is the path of the fibers from the troclear nucleus to the muscle it innervates?
exit on dorsal side of the midbrain --> Cross --> Wrap around brainstem --> Exit cranium through superior orbital fissure --> Go to superior oblique muscle
58
Why is it significant that the superior oblique runs though the trochlea?
This changes the direction of the muscle and therefore allows the superior oblique to make the front of the eye look downward (pulls the back of the eye up).
59
What are the functional components of the Abducence nerve?
GSE (General somatic motor efferent)
60
Where is the abducence nucleus located?
In the pons are the level of the facial colliculus
61
What muscle doe the abducence nerve innervate?
Lateral Rectus
62
How dose the abducence nerve leave the pons? the cranium?
Pons: between pons and medulla at pontomedullary junction (or the pontopyramidal junction specifically. they leave medially at the level of the pyramids) Cranium: Though the superior orbital fissure
63
What structure separates the abducences and the trochlear nuclei?
The basilar pons
64
Each Nuclei that controls movement of the eye is associated with a colliculus. Who goes with what?
Superior Colliculus: occulomotor Inferior colliculus: troclear Facial: abducence
65
What forms the facial colliculus?
Fibers from motor facial nucleus wrap around abducens nucleus
66
What structure is next to the abducence nucleus?
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
67
During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look up and in?
Inferior oblique
68
Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look up and in?
Superior rectus
69
During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look inward?
Medial rectus
70
Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look inward?
medial rectus
71
During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look down and inward?
Superior oblique
72
Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look down and inward?
Inferior Rectus
73
During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look down and outward?
Inferior rectus
74
Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look down and outward?
Superior Oblique
75
During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look laterally?
Lateral Rectus
76
Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look laterally?
Lateral Rectus
77
During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look up and outward?
Superior Rectus
78
Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look up and outward?
inferior oblique
79
Which muscles attach to the posterior pole?
The obliques after changing direction on the troclea
80
Which muscles attach to the anterior pole
The rectus muscles
81
What is the motor nucleus of the glossophaengal nerve?
nucleus ambiguious
82
What muscles does the glossophargengeal nerve innervate?
The stylopharengeal muscles
83
What action is the glossophrengeal nerve most closely associated with?
Swollowing
84
Is the motor or sensory nuclus of the glossopharengeal nerve more medial?
The motor nucleus (nucleus ambiguous)
85
What is the sensory nucleus of the glossopharengeal nerve
There are 2! - Nucleus of the solitary track - spinal trigeminal nuclus
86
The nucleus of the solitary tract is a dark spot surrounded by a light ring. What makes up the dark spot and what makes up the light ring?
Dark spot: tract | Light Ring: Nuclus
87
What sensations are processed/sent to the nuclus of the solitaty tract by the glossopharengeal nerve?
Taste from the back 1/3 of the tong Barrow Receptor information from the carotid sinus Chemoreceptor input from the carotid body
88
Where is the spinal trigeminal nucleus in relationship to the other nucli of the glossopharengeal nerve.
Most lateral. (From medial to lateral: nucleus ambiguous --> inferior salivary nucleus --> nucleus of the solitary track --> spinal trigeminal nucleus)
89
How many nuclei are associated with the glossopharengeal nerve?
``` 4 nucleus ambiguous (Motor) Nucleus of the Solitary tract (sensory) Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus (sensory) inferior salivatory nucleus (Parasympathic) ```
90
Which nucleus of CN IX has a branch to the octic ganglion?
The inferior salivary nucleus
91
What funtion is the inferior salivary nucleus associated with?
Salivation | - octic ganglion projects to protid gland, which then produces salivia
92
How does CN IX exit the cranium?
Through the jugular foramen

CNS (3 decks)

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