exam 3

Question 1

The concept that the nucleotide sequence in the DNA has a linear correspondence to the amino acid sequence in the protein encoded by that gene

Answer 1

colinearity

Question 2

the three nucleotide sequence that specifies a particular amino acid

Answer 2

codon

Question 3

the concept that there is more than one codon specifying a particular amino acid

Answer 3

degeneracy

Question 4

those three nucleotide sequences that specify amino acids

Answer 4

sense codons

Question 5

those three nucleotide sequences that do not specify an amino acid; instead they cause termination of translation

Answer 5

nonsense codons

Question 6

a sequence of nucleotides that codes for a polypeptide, a tRNA, or an rRNA

Answer 6

gene

Question 7

the strand of DNA encoding the mRNA

Answer 7

sense strand

Question 8

the strand of DNA complementary to the one encoding the mRNA

Answer 8

antisense strand

Question 9

an idealized sequence composed of the bases most often found at each position of a regulatory sequence when such sequences from different organisms are compared

Answer 9

consensus sequence

Question 10

the region at which RNA polymerase binds before initiating transcription of the downstream sequences

Answer 10

promoter

Question 11

the transcribed but not translated sequence immediately upstream from the region that encodes the functional product

Answer 11

leader sequence

Question 12

the transcribed and translated region of a gene

Answer 12

coding region

Question 13

the transcribed but not translated sequence immediately downstream of the translation termination signal

Answer 13

trailer sequence

Question 14

alterations in the base sequence of the genomic nucleic acid

Answer 14

mutations

Question 15

mutations that are expresssed only under certain environmental conditions

Answer 15

conditional mutations

Question 16

mutations that arise in the absence of any added agent

Answer 16

spontaneous mutations

Question 17

mutations that arise as a result of exposure to some physical or chemical agent

Answer 17

induced mutations

Question 18

physical or chemical agent that can cause mutation

Answer 18

mutagen

Question 19

mutations resulting in purine-purine or pyrmidine-pyrmidine substitutions

Answer 19

transition mutations

Question 20

mutations resulting in purine-pyrmidine or pyrmidine-purine substitutions

Answer 20

transversion mutations

Question 21

mutations that result in a change in the reading frame

Answer 21

frameshift mutations

Question 22

the most prevalent gene form in a population

Answer 22

wild type

Question 23

a mutation from the most prevalent gene form in the population

Answer 23

forward mutation

Question 24

a mutation to the most prevalent gene form in the population

Answer 24

reverse mutation

Question 25

a second mutation that overcomes the effect of the first mutation

Answer 25

suppressor mutation

Question 26

a mutation involving only one base pair

Answer 26

point mutation

Question 27

a mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein

Answer 27

silent mutation

Question 28

a mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein by substitution

Answer 28

missense mutation

Question 29

a mutation that causes premature termination of the synthesis of the protein product

Answer 29

nonsense mutation

Question 30

destruction or removal of all microorganisms from an object or a particular environment

Answer 30

sterilization

Question 31

a chemical that can be used to sterilize materials

Answer 31

sterilant

Question 32

the killing of vegetative forms of pathogenic organisms or viruses

Answer 32

disinfection

Question 33

agent used to carry out disinfection of inanimate objects

Answer 33

disinfectant

Question 34

reduction of the microbial population to safe levels as determined by public health standards

Answer 34

sanitization

Question 35

the prevention of infection

Answer 35

antisepsis

Question 36

chemical agents that kill or damage pathogens and that are applied to living tissue to prevent infection

Answer 36

antiseptics

Question 37

the lowest temperature at which a microbial population is killed in a specified period of time

Answer 37

thermal death point