Exam 3

Question 1

Harry’s peer group like to cut class and party. Harry is rethinking this lifestyle and starting to pay more attention to class. To do so, he is developing the ability stand up to his friends. Which of Baxter Magolda’s phases is he in?
A. Crossroads 
B. Following formulas 
C. Becoming the author of your own life
D. Internal foundation

Answer 1

C. Becoming the author of your own life

Question 2

In Arnett’s study of ethnic differences in emerging adulthood, which group was most likely to say that they felt like adults
A. Asian Americans 
B. African Americans 
C. Latino Americans 
D. White Americans

Answer 2

C. Latino Americans

Question 3

Post formal thought is \_\_\_\_ than adolescent thinking
A. more rigid. 
B. less flexible. 
C. more dialectical. 
D. less practical.

Answer 3

C. More dialectical

Question 4

In Arnett’s (2003) study of ethnic differences in emerging adulthood, which group of emerging adults emphasized complying with norms that might involve the opinion of others as well as norms related to avoiding hurting others?
A. Asian-Americans
B. Latinos
C. African-Americans, Asian-Americans and Latinos
D. Whites

Answer 4

C. African-Americans, Asian-Americans, and Latinos

Question 5

Lily feels that her professors know the right answers to life’s questions. Where is she on Perry’s scheme?
A. Dualism 
B. Relativism 
C. Commitment 
D. Realism

Answer 5

A. Dualism

Question 6

Barry assures himself that enrolling in pre-med was his idea, even though the real reason he is in pre-med
is because that’s what his father, who is a doctor,
expected him to do. In which phase of self-authorship is Barry?
A. Internal foundation
B. Following formulas
C. Crossroads
D. Becoming the author of one’s life

Answer 6

B. Following formulas

Question 7

Justin and Shane believe their team is better than the other teams in town. This illustrates:

a. social loafing.
b. the in-group bias.
c. the just-world phenomenon. d. scapegoat theory.

Answer 7

b. the in-group bias

Question 8

Which of the following is a possible consequence of the first of Erikson’s stages?
A. Trust in others 
B. Autonomy 
C. A sense of inferiority
D. A sense of guilt

Answer 8

A. Trust in others

Question 9

Because Cayla’s parents were unreliable, she is cautious in forming new relationships. She needs people to prove that they can be trusted. Cayla’s expectations of others are part of her
A. Behavioral response system
B. Internal working model
C. Attachment seeking behaviors
D. Social referencing model

Answer 9

B. Internal working model

Question 10

Garcia et al’s (2012) review of hook up culture in college students suggests that
A. Both men and women are
interested in forming romantic relationships
B. Men of this age are only interested in hook-ups for sex. They are not interested in relationships
C. While women might consider forming a relationship with a hook-up partner, men never do.
D. Neither women nor men consider forming a relationship with a hook-up partner

Answer 10

A. Both men and women are

interested in forming romantic relationships

Question 11

Which of the following methods of combatting prejudice is showing promise in terms of effectiveness?
A. Punishing people who discriminate
B. Using movies and books to tell stories about diverse people
C. Making sure friends don’t sit together in class
D. Giving lectures about prejudice

Answer 11

B. Using movies and books to tell stories about diverse people

Question 12

When Alexander hears an international student saying that she feels left out at JMU, he thinks that she must be to blame for
feeling left out. After all, he says, ‘JMU is a friendly place and if you are friendly then you’ll fit in!’ Alexander’s thinking is influenced
by
A. The just world belief
B. The out-group preference
C. Vivid cases
D. Social categorization

Answer 12

A. The just world belief

Question 13

Which of the following might be an indication that John and Adrian do not have a healthy relationship?
A. John wants Adrian to spend all his free time with him (John).
B. Adrian does leisure activities without John.
C. John and Adrian don’t have all the same friends
D. Adrian sometimes gets
angry with John

Answer 13

A. John wants Adrian to spend all his free time with him (John).

Question 14

Noel has no real idea what he wants from life and he
doesn’t spend much time thinking about it either. Which of Marcia’s identity status categories is Joel in?
A. Identity achievement
B. Identity exploration
C. Identity diffusion
D. Identity foreclosure

Answer 14

C. Identity diffusion

Question 15

Ethan is in adolescence, Joel is in early adulthood, Dan is in middle adulthood & Alec is in late adulthood.  According to the MAMA cycle, who will spend longer in identity achievement?
A. Joel 
B. Alec 
C. Ethan 
D. Dan

Answer 15

B. Alec

Question 16

When asked ‘when does the average person get old?’ Tommy says ’65’ and Harry says ’75’. Based on research by the Pew
Research Center, what would we predict about Harry and & Tommy from their responses?
A. Tommy is younger than Harry
B. Harry is younger than Tommy
C. Harry and Tommy are the same age

Answer 16

A. Tommy is younger than Harry

Question 17

Recent changes to the SAT have been suggested because of doubts about current
SAT’s
A. Reliability 
B. Validity 
C. Standardization 
D. Administration

Answer 17

B. Validity

Question 18

Mary’s bathroom scale always overstates people’s actual weight by exactly six pounds. The scale has ________ reliability and ________ validity.

a. low; high
b. high; low
c. low; low
d. high; high

Answer 18

b. high; low

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of fluid intelligence?
A. The ability to name all the U.S. presidents
B. Speed of solving a new problem
C. Applying a math solution learned in math class to solve a problem
D. The size of someone’s vocabulary

Answer 19

B. Speed of solving a new problem

Question 20

Joel has no real idea what he wants from life and he
doesn’t spend much time thinking about it either. Which of Marcia’s identity status categories is Joel in?
A. Identity achievement
B. Identity exploration
C. Identity diffusion
D. Identity foreclosure

Answer 20

C. Identity diffusion

Question 21

Shari is a rather anxious person.  Since she is so insecure, she frequently seeks out the reassurance of others.  On which of the Big Five characteristics would Shari likely score high?
A. neuroticism 
B. extraversion 
C. openness 
D. conscientiousness

Answer 21

A. neuroticism

Question 22

Which of the following traits showed no increase in Robins et al’s (2001) study of change during college but showed a minor decrease in the MIDUS study of middle adulthood?
A. Openness 
B. Agreeableness 
C. Extraversion 
D. Conscientiousness 
E. Neuroticism

Answer 22

C. Extraversion

Question 23

Dave and Andrew have been in a long-term relationship since.  Right now in their relationship, they enjoy spending time together and share their feelings but their relationship is not very passionate.  Sternberg would describe their love relationship as
A. Companionate 
B. Passionate 
C. Consummate 
D. Romantic

Answer 23

A. Companionate

Question 24

Terri has no children and has very little involvement in her community.  Angela has no children, she coaches at the YMCA.  Joan has no children, she is a visual artist. Based on this description, which of the following is demonstrating Erikson’s concept of generativity?
A. Terri and Joan 
B. Joan and Angela 
C. Angela and Terri 
D. Terri, Joan and

Answer 24

B. Joan and Angela

Question 25

``` Ronaldo and Elisabetahad a brief relationship, that was passionate and intimate. Sternberg would refer to this as A. Fatuous love B. Romantic love C. Consummate love D. Companionate ```

Answer 25

B. Romantic love

Question 26

Adults in distant marriages are __________ after divorce. A. usually happier B. much unhappier C. less happy than they thought they would be D. much happier than they thought they would be

Answer 26

C. less happy than they thought they would be

Question 27

``` According to Berk (2010) adults who have a history of ____ attachment are likely to have adult relationships characterized by jealousy, emotional distance, and little physical pleasure. A. Secure B. Insecure-avoidant C. Insecure-ambivalent resistant D. Insecure-disorganized ```

Answer 27

B

Question 28

``` Marcus is 65 years old and is going for a job interview. He is worried that the interviewer will think he is too old for the job, even though Marcus knows he has the requisite skills. When Marcus goes in to the interview, he stammers and his hands shake. Which of the following applies to this situation? A. Stereotype threat is impacting on Marcus’ performance B. The interview is ageist C. The wear and tear of old age is impacting on Marcus D. Interviews are not suitable for older people ```

Answer 28

A

Question 29

``` Cordelia has been very sedentary all her life. Now that she is older the decreasing flexibility in her vascular system, together with her lack of exercise over the years is increasing her risk of stroke. The impact of exercise on Cordelia is an example of A. Primary aging B. Cellular aging C. Secondary aging D. Temporal aging ```

Answer 29

C. Secondary aging

Question 30

``` According to Schaie’sstudies of cognition in adulthood, which of the following is true? A. All cognitive abilities decline significantly after age 67. B. Cognitive abilities do not significantly decline until after age 80. C. Most old people show similar cognitive declines. D. Different kinds of cognitive ability decline at the same ```

Answer 30

B

Question 31

``` Based on the information given, which of the following people would be considered one of the oldest old? A. Ramon who is 85 years old B. Angela who is 68 years old and who is completely dependent on her nurses for everything C. Josephina who is 75 years old and who has severe arthritis D. Paul who is 62 years old ```

Answer 31

B

Question 32

``` A ___ acceptance of sensory loss in late adulthood ____ A. Passive; increases morbidity of all kinds B. Active; increases morbidity of all kinds C. Active; decreases morbidity of all kinds D. Passive; decreases morbidity of all kinds ```

Answer 32

A

Question 33

Evelyn is 75 years old. She used to bowl twice a week, but since she has gotten older she doesn’t has the strength or stamina that she used to have. Now, she bowls once a week and uses a lighter ball. In changing the way that she bowls, Evelyn is showing A. Passive acceptance of ability loss. B. Selective optimization with compensation. C. Fluid intelligence deficit. D. The cellular theory of aging.

Answer 33

B

Question 34

``` When asked to explain why some elderly people are grumpy and withdrawn, Dr Ellis suggests that they may have been like that when they were younger, while Dr. Shea argues that withdrawal is a feature of old age. Dr Ellis is a _____ theorist while Dr. Shea is a ___ theorist. A. Disengagement; continuity B. Continuity; Integrity C. Continuity; Disengagement D. Integrity; continuity ```

Answer 34

C