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Philosophy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Exsanguination

A

Bleed out

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2
Q

Fundamental wrong Animal Rights

A

Animals are resources/ property

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3
Q

Rights view

A

What does it mean to have rights?
What is a right?
How do you get one?

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4
Q

Intrinsic value

A

Values of a individual/ own sake as an end

Moral value

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5
Q

Extrinsic value

A

Valuable as a means/ tool

Has a use

Ex.fan

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6
Q

Egalitarian (Intrinsic Value)

A

We are all equal

“Everyone has the same intrinsic value”

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7
Q

Right to respectful treatment

A

RECOGNIZE intrinsic value

“One must act accordingly”

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8
Q

Rights trump utility

A

Crime and punishment

Ex. Wrong to kill rich pawn collector

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9
Q

Subjects of life

A

More than sentience

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10
Q

Sentience

A

Conscious/alive

Desires/preferences
Beliefs (moral responsibilities, right/wrong)
sense of time/ memory & expectation

ABOUT HUMANS

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11
Q

What is NOT the fundamental wrong in animal rights?

A

Pain and unhappiness

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12
Q

Counter-intuitive objection to animal rights

A

They (animals) have equal moral rights

Us as humans have the same level as respects as animals

Animals do not have the same rights as humans but the same strength to respect is the same.

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13
Q

Human belief on animals

Reply:

A

We believe humans are more important than animals.

Our responses are different when comparing humans and animals

We have different responses, emotions and beliefs it makes a HUGE difference

Reply: intuitions might be mistaken

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14
Q

Objections to animal rights: animals do not have intrinsic value

Reply:

A

Reply: why not?

What do animals not have that we do have?

Animals are not rational
No language
No beliefs
No sense of time

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15
Q

Objections to animal rights: animals do not have intrinsic value

what is the problem??

A

Problem of marginal cases

Humans on the margins

Speciesism

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16
Q

Normative ethics

A

Making moral decisions

How do I decide the right thing to do?

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17
Q

Deontology

A

“Deon” duty/obligation

Right and wrong not determined by consequences

About past/present & not future

Specify what it is about the ACTION

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18
Q

Obligation 1

“You should study for your exam.”

Moral?

Desire dependent or not?

A

NOT moral

Desire-Dependent

If you want a good grade. If you want to pass the class then you should study. (Desire)

“If you want x then you should y.”

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19
Q

Meaning of IF

A

Hypothetical/ conditional

“If you want x then you should y.”

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20
Q

Obligation 2

“You should tell the truth.”

Moral?

Desire dependent or not?

A

Is Moral

Not desire-dependent

Categorical
“You must tell the truth.”
Cannot be rejected

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21
Q

Rejection to desire

A

“I don’t want that.”

Reject desire/obligation

“Should” is rejected

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22
Q

Moral motivation

A

Moral action

What puts you in motion for next step

Desires are motivating

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23
Q

“You should tell the truth.”

What’s the motivation?

24
Q

Non cognitivism

Study These Flashcards
A

Wanting something

Requires non cognitive/ affective state

Desires and emotions

25
Cognitivism
Believing something Deontological Does not deny desires and motivations motivate you but it's not only those two that motivate you
26
"I must help this person." What is the motivation?
The reason alone
27
Cognitivism independent of what?
Independent of affect (fear, happiness,etc) IRRELEVANT
28
Animal Rights Goals
Stop the use of animals No food animals No lab animals No hunting/trapping
29
Categorical Imperative CI 1
Act only according to the rule that can be universalized.
30
CI 1 | Act only according to the rule that can be universalized.
1. What rule would I be following if I did x? False promise 2. Is the rule universalizable? (Can everyone follow the rule all the time?) False promise ex. Need $ lie about paying them back or tell them you need $ and you won't ever pay them back
31
What do you need to make lies plausible/believable?
Require background of truth
32
Euthanasia
"Mercy killing" Eu- good/happy Thanatos- death When is the quality of life so low that death is good? Causing or not preventing the death of a terminally ill person (includes ones self)
33
Active E
Direct action to kill ill individual Intention to cause death
34
Voluntary Euthanasia
ill person is rational, competent, consents PAS (physician assisted suicide)
35
Involuntary Euthanasia
Non-competent Non-rational Cannot consent PRS (persistent vegetative state) Comatose
36
Passive E Who Denys the distinction?
Withholding medical treatment, prolong life Ex. Remove feeding tube Turning off ventilation Denys: doctors and nurses
37
Sentience
Moral beliefs and responsibilities and diff between right and wrong Sentient being has a sense of time, memory, and expectation
38
What is CI 2?
Act as that you always treat others as ends and never as means
39
Importance of CI 2
Recognize intrinsic value in others & don't use them as tools Act accordingly
40
Comatose
Deep unconsciousness for a prolonged period of time
41
AMA American Medical Association
Euthanasia is the administration of a lethal when to remove pain Fundamentally incompatible with physicians
42
AMA Passive E Active E
Passive E For humane reasons a physician may allow a terminally ill patient to die Active E Is NOT okay No physician assisted suicide
43
American Nursing Association ANA
Nurses may not act with sole intent of ending a persons life even if respecting a persons wishes No matter what compassionate motivation is
44
Physician Assisted Suicide STATES
Oregon Washington Vermont California -2016
45
PAS conditions
Patient must be in final 6 months terminal diagnosis Two doctors must confirm Patient must be mentally competent/voluntary Patient 2 written and 1 verbal request
46
Against Euthanasia | Standard view of PAS
1 killing a human, killing ones self 2 killing is deliberate and intentional 3 no recovering is reasonably expected euthanasia intentionally taking life of a person
47
Hypothetical
Desires and motivations Puts you in the next step Desires are motivating
48
Categorical
Reason as motivation Cannot reject obligation
49
Euthanasia :Argument from Nature
E is unnatural Drive to live, will to live Undignified Natural goal of life
50
Euthanasia: argument from self-interest
E is irrational Are you really so sure? Is the diagnosis accurate? Mistaken diagnosis New procedures Spontaneous remission Will to live
51
Euthanasia: argument from practical effects
E is dangerous Corrupting effect on health care
52
For Euthanasia 1st argument Against SV
E will decrease suffering Ex. Removing feeding tube =starving to death
53
For Euthanasia Second argument against SV
Killing is not morally worse than letting die "Killing is not necessarily worse than letting die"
54
SV Reply: intentions of the physician
Doctor does nothing to cause death, medical conditions cause death
55
For Euthanasia Third argument against SV
Intentions of the physician Reply: withholding medical treatment is an action one can perform by not doing other actions

Philosophy (4 decks)

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