Indians

Question 1

Wahpekute

Answer 1

Wahpe “leaves”
Kute “shooters”

Hunt trees south of Mde Wakan
1st to split

Question 2

Wahpetonwan

Answer 2

Came among leafy trees
Next to move from original group and move south

More Village oriented than Wahpekute

Question 3

Sisitonwan

Answer 3

Villages strewn with fish/fish eaters

Moved further west to MN River

Question 4

Ihanktonwan and Ihanktonwana

Answer 4

Placed to end of camp circle

Moved into eastern South Dakota
aka Western Dakotas

Question 5

Titonwan

Answer 5

From Tihte “plains and prairies”

Subdivided seven bands (Lakota)

Traveled furthest west from homeland in central MN to prairies in the Dakotas

Question 6

Dakota first contact with Europeans (when & where?)

Answer 6

1600’s

French explorers and traders entered Dakota land in Duluth MN

Question 7

Fur Trade

Answer 7

Lasted 200 years

Dakota traded wth French, British, and Americans

Euro Americans got furs and Indians got manufactured goods (glass & metal)

Question 8

Cultural change

Answer 8

Dakota culture changes after 200 years of trade

Wildlife decreased and Indians became more dependent on manufactured goods and farmed food

Question 9

Treaties

Why does the US government want Indian land?

Answer 9

Late 1850’s Dakotas gave up original homeland except narrow strip along MN River

(Lost 98%)

Question 10

1862 US-Dakota War

Answer 10

Wildlife gone, crops failed, treaty money late
>Dakotas are starving

Attacked MN settlers & US military in MN to remove whites and take back their land

result: Dakotas lost war

Question 11

Exile After War

Answer 11

Dakotas fled MN and went to Canada or far west

Some went to South Dakota

Dozens imprisoned in Iowa

Question 12

Hanging in Mankato

Answer 12

Ordered by Lincoln

Mankato “blue earth”

If participated in war were hung

Occurred December 26th (day after Christmas)

Question 13

Dakotas today

Answer 13

4 communities in MN (7 square miles total)

Granite falls, Morton, Shakopee, and Prairie Island

Question 14

American Indian view of nature

Answer 14

Foundational belief:
Humans are NOT essentially different

Humans have no special place

Perfect environmentalists/ecological saints

Indians use all of natural world

Question 15

Euro-American science view of nature

Answer 15

Foundation belief:
Humans are essentially different in science

Inert (doesn’t move) and non conscious

Instinct determines animals actions

Animals: lower, summer form of consciousness

Question 16

Euro-American mechanical view

Answer 16

Humans are DIFFERENT than the rest of non human world

We are not mechanisms; things

Question 17

Euro American Religious view of nature

Answer 17

Humans image of God

Non-humans: created for humans

NO VALUE (for itself)

Wilderness is demonic

Question 18

Euro-American moral view of nature

Answer 18

Only humans have moral standing

Non humans are property

Humans are not property

Animals are property, we can buy/sell/kill them

Question 19

Mdewakantowan

Answer 19

Sacred lake
“Village or composite”
Original Dakota

Question 20

Environmental Ethics

Answer 20

Plants and animals are part of the same ecosystem and are dependent on each other

Question 21

Sioux

Answer 21

Anishinaabe

French called them Ojibwa then later known as Chippewa

Question 22

Iroquois

Answer 22

Pushed Sioux (anishinaabes) west

Called them nadowe-large dangerous snake

Question 23

Nadowaig

Answer 23

Smaller dangerous snake

Group encountered further west

Question 24

Dakotas

Answer 24

“Allies/friends”

Originally from Mde Wakan
Sacred lake “Mille lacs” central mn

Question 25

Euro American moral view of nature

Answer 25

Only humans have moral standing Non humans are property Humans are not property

Question 26

Panpsychism/ Nagi Oyasin

Answer 26

All spirit/ personality Everything in nature had spirit and consciousness Includes animals and ALL natural objects (rocks, water, wind) EVERYTHING MATTERS

Question 27

Analogy

Answer 27

You cannot experience others consciousness Similarities between you and non humans behavior, anatomy, physiology

Question 28

Visions

Answer 28

Dreams provide special access to reality You are not unconscious when you are sleeping Isn't it a different form of consciousness? Direct experience of reality "spirit world"

Question 29

Lucid dreaming

Answer 29

Control over dreams to make things happen

Question 30

Faith

Answer 30

Trust You trust what is told to you on scripture is true

Question 31

Mitakuye Oyasin

Answer 31

All my relatives We all have the same origin, not just human beings but everything is the same "WE are all relatives" Humans have no priority You are just as important as your sister, etc

Question 32

Kinship terms

Answer 32

Grandmother, sister, etc Moral significance: behaviors and feelings toward that person

Question 33

Affective

Answer 33

Emotions and attitudes are emotionally loaded

Question 34

Oyate/Community

Answer 34

Social relationships "Society is equivalent to community" (Oyate) Community includes natural world Moral rules and principles regulate interactions Morality organizes society so we live together in groups

Question 35

Communitarianism

Answer 35

Focus community as the fundamental group 1st well being is the MOST important 2nd individual well being is secondary lower standard of living to help others

Question 36

Iyopeya /Reciprocity

Answer 36

Trade Mutual/beneficial exchange When you receive a benefit, you give a benefit back Regards to EE when you take from the natural world you give something back Obvious duty for Indians means to be civilized DECENT human being

Question 37

Righteous hunter

Answer 37

Worthy, gratitude Morally good: prayer, respect No mutilation or scattering bones Hunter needs food No trophy hunting Must approach hunting in morally appropriate way Not random if hunter fails, failure is a moral failure, hunter or family has not demonstrated respect against nature. Hunter isn't worthy, animal GIVES themselves to hunter

Question 38

Makoce na Wicasa

Answer 38

Land and identity (person) Who are you? =where you are? What defines your identity as a person? "Sense of place" vitally important Particular locations mean a lot to you

Question 39

Identity crisis

Answer 39

Land is important to who you are Who are you if you are no longer a part of that landscape anymore?

Question 40

Wakan Tanka

Answer 40

Great sacred/ holy/ divine/ mystery

Question 41

Nagi

Answer 41

Spirit; soul