Exam 3 Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 sutures of the skull
A
coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal, squamous (temporal)
2
Q
The common carotid arteries break into what 2 branches
A
external and internal carotid
3
Q
The four (major) branches of the external carotid
A
facial, occipital, maxillary, superficial temporal
4
Q
The six branches of the internal carotid
A
ophthalmic, anterior/middle/posterior cerebral arteries, basilar, vertebral
5
Q
What is the function of the circle of willis?
A
to supply the brain with blood
6
Q
What are the two jugular vein classifications?
A
internal and external
7
Q
is white or gray matter myelinated?
A
white matter
8
Q
What is Cranial Nerve V?
A
Trigeminal Nerve
9
Q
What are the names of the three ventricles
A
lateral, third, fourth
10
Q
what are the three different types of meninges
A
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
11
Q
from superficial to deep, what is the order of meninges
A
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
12
Q
Which is the tough, protective meninx?
A
dura mater
13
Q
Which meninx is intimately attached to the brain and spinal cord
A
pia mater
14
Q
What are the four major brain regions
A
cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem
15
Q
What is Cranial Nerve XII?
A
Hypoglossal Nerve
16
Q
Where is the third ventricle located
A
diencephalon
17
Q
Where is the lateral ventricle located
A
cerebrum
18
Q
Where is the fourth ventricle located
A
cerebellum
19
Q
Where is the cerebellum located?
A
the back of the head, in the occipital region
20
Q
What is the name of the hole in the skull that the spinal cord exists out of
A
foramen magnum
21
Q
What are the three parts of the brainstem
A
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
22
Q
how many of each spinal nerves are there
A
cervical-8
thoracic-12
lumbar-5
sacral-5
23
Q
What is Cranial Nerve II?
A
Optic Nerve
24
Q
What is Cranial Nerve III?
A
Oculomotor Nerve
25
What is Cranial Nerve IV?
Trochlear Nerve
26
What is Cranial Nerve V?
Trigeminal Nerve
27
What is Cranial Nerve VI?
Abducens Nerve
28
What is Cranial Nerve VII?
Facial Nerve
29
What is Cranial Nerve VIII?
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
30
What is Cranial Nerve IX?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
31
What is Cranial Nerve X?
Vagus Nerve
32
What is Cranial Nerve XI?
Accessory Nerve
33
What is Cranial Nerve XII?
Hypoglossal Nerve
34
What are the four hemispheres of the brain?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital
35
What are the five types of taste?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami
36
What are the bumps on the tongue called?
Papillae
37
What are the four muscles of mastication?
Temporalis, Masseter, Medial Pterygoid, and Lateral Pterygoid
38
how many of each spinal nerves are there
cervical-8
thoracics-12
lumbar-5
sacral-5
39
What five muscles elevate the hyoid bone?
Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Hypoglossus, and Geniohyoid
40
What four muscles depress the hyoid bone?
Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Thyrohyoid, and Sternothyroid
41
What are the three "types" of cranial nerves?
sensory, motor, both
42
What is one pneumonic to remember whether the cranial nerve is sensory, motor, or both?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
43
What is one pneumonic to remember the names of the cranial nerves?
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ah Ha
44
What is the function of the Olfactory Nerve?
Sensory
45
What is the function of the Optic Nerve?
Sensory
46
What is the function of the Oculomotor Nerve?
Motor
47
What is the function of the Trochlear Nerve?
Motor
48
What is the function of the Trigeminal Nerve?
Both Sensory and Motor
49
What is the function of the Abducens Nerve?
Motor
50
What is the function of the Facial Nerve?
Both Sensory and Motor
51
What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
Sensory
52
What is the function of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
Both Sensory and Motor
53
What is the function of the Vagus Nerve?
Both Sensory and Motor
54
What is the function of the Accessory Nerve?
Motor
55
What is the function of the Hypoglossal Nerve?
Motor
56
How many true and false ribs are there?
7 true ribs and 5 false ribs (2 of which are floating)
57
What are the four major plexuses of the spinal nerves?
Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, Sacral
58
Which type of spinal nerve branch receives sensation for the skin and muscles of the back?
Dorsal
59
The ventral branch of spinal nerves receives sensation from the skin that travels through the _______ ramus.
Anterior
60
Which part of the brainstem routes visual and auditory signals to higher and lower parts of the brain?
Midbrain
61
Which part of the brainstem sends signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum?
Pons
62
Which part of the brainstem controls heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and swallowing?
Medulla oblongata
63
Sensory signals are received in the spinal cord dorsally or ventrally?
dorsally
64
Motor signals leave the spinal cord dorsally or ventrally?
ventrally
65
The lacrimal gland is located ___________ to the eye ball.
superiorly and laterally
66
What is the function of the retina?
contains layers of neurons that function as light receptors
67
What is the back 4/5 of the outer tunic called?
Sclera
68
Where are the hair cells that vibrate to produce sound located?
Organ of Corti
69
Which part of the ear is the vestibular complex located within?
Inner ear
70
Function of the frontal lobe
Controls skeletal muscles, "control center"
71
Function of the Temporal lobe
auditory processing
72
Function parietal lobe
tactile sensory
73
Function occipital lobe
processes vision, general recognition
74
Function olfactory bulb
Sense of smell processed
75
Function thalamus
Relay center for sensory information
76
Function of the hypothalamus
controls emotion, autonomic function, hormone production
77
Cerebellum
Muscle coordination and storing of muscle memory
78
Midbrain
Route for signals to higher and lower parts of the brain; visual and auditory signals
79
Function of the pons
regulation of breathing, route for signals to higher and lower parts of brain
80
Function medulla oblogata
Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, swallowing control
81
Function orbicularis oculi
closes eye
82
function arbicularis oris
pursing lips
83
function frontalis
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
84
function levator labii superioris
raises upper lip
85
function depressor labii inferioris
lowers lower lip
86
function mentalis
elevates and protrudes lower lip
87
Function zygomaticus major
elevates corner of mouth
88
Function zygomaticus minor
elevates upper lip
89
Function depressor angularis
lowers corners of mouth
90
function buccinator
compress the cheek against the teeth
91
True or False: The brachiocephalic trunk is only on the left side
False, the brachiocephalic is only on the RIGHT side
92
True or False: The vertebral artery and vein run through the transverse foramina of the lumbar vertebrae
False, the vertebral artery and vein run through the transverse foramina of the CERVICAL vertebrae
93
True or False: The meninges have 4 layers: dura, arachnoid, grey, and pia
False, there are only 3 layers of meninges (all but grey are correct)
94
True or False: The outer most layer of the meninges is the tough, dura mater
True
95
True or False: "Decussating: is a term that can be applied to some brain signals and means "crossing over"
True
96
True or False: The cerebrum is separated into two hemispheres, frontal and back
False, there are 4 hemispheres of the cerebrum (Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal)
97
True or False: The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the hemispheric cortex
False, the two sides of the brain are connected via the corpus callosum
98
True or False: ganglia is white matter outside of the central nervous system
False, ganglia refers to bundles of nerves in the PNS
99
What is the right atrioventricular value name?
Tricuspid (3 flaps)
100
What is the left atrioventricular valve name?
Bicuspid (2 flaps)/ mitral valve
101
What is the right semilunar valve name?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
102
What is the purpose of the Fibrous Skeleton
Support the valves; Serve as an electrical barrier between valves
103
What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?
to prevent blood flow from going backwards from ventricles to atria
104
Where does the sense of small occur?
Roof of nasal cavity
105
What is the valve order of blood flow?
1. Atria contracts- opens AV valves- pushes blood into ventricles
2. Ventricles contract- AVs close, semilunars open, pushes blood into blood vessels
3. Atria and Ventricles contract- AVs and semilunars both closed
106
Function papillary muscles
attach to and pull chordae tendinae, anchored in the heart wall
107
Function chordae tendinae
threads that reinforce AV valves, prevent them to blow out the wrong way
108
What are the three layers of the heart wall? (listed superficial to deep)
visceral pericardium (epicardium), myocardium, endocardium
109
Which valve does blood pass through to enter the right ventricle from the right atria?
Tricuspid Valve
110
Which is thicker, atria or ventricles?
Ventricles, they are the ones pumping the blood out of the heart
111
Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?
The left ventricle, it pumps blood to the entire body
112
What makes up the "skeleton" of the heart
Stiff fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and supports the valves
113
What layer of the heart is the thickest?
Myocardium
114
Which muscle wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrow?
Frontalis
115
Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?
The left ventricle, it pumps blood to the entire body
116
The __________ humor is a large jelly-like filling that is posterior to the lens.
vitreous
117
Where does the sense of smell occur?
Roof of nasal cavity
118
What makes up the "skeleton" of the heart
Stiff fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and supports the valves
119
T/F: The Left Atria and Left Ventricle contract together
False: Two atria contract together/Two ventricles contract together
120
T/F: The Pulmonary Artery carries oxygenated blood to the body
False: Pulmonary Artery brings Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
121
Which Heart Chamber has the thickest wall (Myocardium)
Left Ventricle
122
What is the purpose of the Fibrous Skeleton
Support the valves; Serve as an electrical barrier between valves
123
What makes up the control system (conducting system) of the heart?
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
124
Is the cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
125
Which muscle surrounds and closes the eye?
Orbicularis occuli
126
Which muscle surrounds the mouth and purses the lip?
Orbicularis oris
127
Which muscle raises the lip?
Levator Labii Superioris
128
Which muscle lowers the lip?
Depressor Labii Inferioris
129
Which muscle elevates and protrudes the lower lip?
Mentalis
130
Which muscle elevates the corners of the lip?
Zygomaticus major
131
Which muscle elevates the upper lip?
Zygomaticus minor
132
Which muscle lowers the corner of the mouth?
Depressor Anguli Oris
133
Which muscle pushes the cheek against the teeth?
Buccinators
134
Which muscle wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrow?
Frontalis
135
What is the SA node
Sinoatrial node, natural pace maker of the heart, initiates heart beat
136
What is the AV node
atrioventricular node, pause
137
Where is the Bundle of His located
Inter-ventricular Septum
138
T/F: The Purkinje Fibers control the contraction for the Atria
False: Control contraction of the Ventricles
139
Name the origin, insertion, and action for the Temporalis.
O: temporal bone
I: coronoid process
A: elevate mandible
140
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the masseter.
O: zygomatic arch
I: Ramus of mandible
A: elevates jaw
141
Name the origin, insertion, and action for the medial pterygoid.
O: pterygoid process of sphenoid
I: Medial rams of mandible
A: Elevating jaw
142
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the lateral pterygoid
O: pterygoid process of sphenoid
I: neck of mandibles
A: elevation, sideways movement, and depression of mandible
143
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the mylohyoid.
O: mandible
I: Hyoid
A: elevates hyoid and floor of mouth
(larger, sheet-like, floor of oral cavity)
144
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the digastric.
O: anterior: mandible, posterior: mastoid process
I: hyoid (sling)
A: elevate hyoid and depress mandible
145
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the stylohyoid
O: styloid process of skull
I: hyoid
A: elevate larynx
146
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the sternohyoid.
O: sternum and clavicle
I: hyoid
A: depress hyoid and larynx
147
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the thyrohoid
O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid
A: depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
148
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the thyrohyoid
O: sternum
I: thyroid cartilage
A: depresses larynx (and hyoid)
