exam 3 Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
supernumerary teeth
A
extra teeth usually with no space for eruption (in between centrals.. mesiodens)
2
Q
3 parts of mandible
A
ramus
body
alveolar process
3
Q
coronoid process
A
marked prom. of bone on ant. ramus of mandible
serves as attach site for one of the muscles of mast.
appear on max molar PA film
triangular radiopaque superimposed over or inferior to max. tuberosity region
4
Q
lamina dura
A
wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of the tooth
made up of dense cortical bone
appears as dence radiopaque line that surrounds the root of the tooth
5
Q
process
A
marked prominence or projection of bone
example: coronid process of mandible
6
Q
What are the results after performing the screen film contact test, a wire mesh image of uniform density appears?
A
adequate film screen contact
7
Q
stepwedge radiographs
A
device of aluminum steps varying in thickness to determine film density and contrast can also be used to test chemical strength. #2 film and is exposed, compared to reference film
8
Q
retained roots
A
very common on xrays.. caused by primary tooth root tips, crown has decayed away, dentist left extraction
9
Q
tuberosity
A
rounded prominence of bone
ex. maxillary tuberosity
10
Q
amelobastoma
A
large RL area of enaml origin with mono or multilocular
(many compartments) that gives soap bubble appearaNCE.. rare
11
Q
PDL space
A
space btween the root of tooth and lamina dura
contains connective tissues fibers, blood vessels and lymphtatics
radiolucent line around root of tooth
12
Q
What must be monitored with manual processing techniques?
A
temp of water bath
levels of solutions
accuracy of timer
accuracy of themometer
13
Q
DEJ
A
junction between the dentin and enamel of tooth
14
Q
What are the steps for the safe light coin test?
A
- prepare dark room. turn off the lights, including safelight.
- prepare film. unwrap one unexposed film. place it on a flat surface 4 feet from safelight. place coin on top of film
- turn on safelight. allow fil, and coin to be exposed for 3-4 minutes.
- remove coin and process film
15
Q
What are the quality control objectives?
A
- maintain high standard of image quality
- ID problems before image quality is compromised
- keep pt to minimal radiation
- reduce number of retakes
16
Q
low level disinfectant
A
can not destory spores, can not destroy TB bacilli
17
Q
what is the clearing test used to monitor?
A
fixer strength
18
Q
Who can calibrate the dental xray equipment?
A
a qualified technician
19
Q
What is quality control?
A
A series of tests to assure that the radiographic system is functioning properly and that the radiographs produced are of an acceptable level of quality.
20
Q
underexposed receptor..
A
light or low in density
21
Q
dentinogensis imperfecta
A
malformation of dentin
22
Q
In order for it to be a legal pt refusal it must be informed of:
A
- purpose of xrays
- benefits
- risks of radiation
- who takes xrays
- risk assoc. with refusal
- alternatives
23
Q
cementoma
A
cementifying fibroma usually on mand. ant. in women and require no treatment
24
Q
submandibular fossa
A
scooped out depressed area of bone located on internal surface of mandible inferior to mylohyoid ridge
submand. salivary gland is found here
mand, PA appears as radiolucent area in molar region behind mylohyoid ridge
25
fractures
appear as thin RL lines similar to nurtient canals
| may or may not line up to bone
26
what has the maxilla been dscribed as?
architectural cornerstone of face
all of the bones of the face articulate with the maxilla
forms the floor of the orbit of eyes, sides and floor of nasal cavity and hard palate
27
Septum
bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities.
appears radiopaque
ex. nasal septum
28
tooth resportion
primary teeth undergo response to erupting perm teeth.
also be caused by tumors impinging or trauma or for unkown idiopathic reason
can result from iatrogenc causes (dentist causes")/ orthodontics
29
noncritical instruments
do not come in contact with mucous membrane. bc of little risk of transmitting infection from noncritical devices exits, intermediate lvel or low level are required for their care between pts. ex: PID, xray tube head, exposure button, xray control panel, lead apron, computer keyboard or mouse
30
odontogenic cyst
includes any cyst formed bc of tooth so may be PA, residual or dentingerous
31
External oblique ridge
linear prom. of bone lcoated on external surface of the body of mandible
mand. PA shows radiopaque band that extends down and foward from ant. border of ramus and mand.
32
cancellous bone
"arranged like lattice"
spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone
composed of numerous bony trabeculae that form a lattice like network of intercommunicating spaces with bone marrow
33
mental fossa
scooped out depression of bone located on the external surface of ant. mandible
located above the mental ridge in the mand. incisor region
radiolucent above mental ridge
34
canal
tubelike passageway thru bone that contains nerves and blood vessels
ex. mandibular canal
35
sinus
a hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone. ex. maxillary sinus
36
For the quality control of film, what should be done?
Properly store and protect film from heat, pressure, chemical fumes, stray radiation and check expiration date
37
HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
38
film exposed to light..
black image
39
anterior nasal spine
sharp projection of the maxilla located anterior and inferior of nasal cav.
V shaped radiopaque area at intersection of the floor of nasal cavity and septum
40
When working properly, what kind of light should a view box emit?
a uniform and subdued light
41
inferior nasal conchae
wafer thin curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of nas. cav.
diffuse radiopauqe mass or projection within cavity
42
what can the dental professional detect thru radiographs?
detect diseases, lesions and conditions of the jaws that cannot be identified clinically
43
dilacertation
sharp bend in root..suaully in PM
44
odontogenic tumors
formed by abnormal proliferation of odontogenic ells (cells that form teeth)
1. ameloblastoma
2. odontoma
3. cementoma
45
lamina dura appears
PDL appears
radiopaque
radiolucent
46
nasal septum
vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into R/L nasal fossae
appears vertical radioapaque
47
genial tubercles
tiny bumps of bone that serve as attach. sites forthe genioglossus and genihyoid muscles
located on the lingual aspect of mandible
ring shaped radiopacity below the apices of mand. inc.
48
fossa
broad, shallow, scooped out or depressed area of bone
| ex. submandibular fossa of mandible
49
what serves as supporting structure?
alveolar process for the jaw and teeth
supports and encases roots of the teeth
50
sharps
needles, scaples, anything sharp that may be contaminated
51
internal oblique ridge
linear prom of bone located on internal surface of mand. extends downward and forward from ramus
mand. PA appears radiopaque band
internal and external O.R. may be superimposed on one another
when ridges appear separate, the superior radiopauqe band is external O.R, and the inferior radioque is internal O.R
52
enamel
densest structure in human body
outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of the tooth
53
What is a pathogen?
a microorganism capable of causing disease. We are most concerned with hepatitis, HIV, and TB.
54
prominence of bone
composed of dense cortical bone and appear radiopaque
1. process
2. ridge
3. spine
4. tubercle
5. tuberosity
55
hamulus
small hook like projection of bone extending from medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
radioapque hook like projection posterior to max. tuberosiity area
56
cortical bone
means outer layer
AKA compact bone
radioopaque
57
calcifications
pulp stones
sialoliths are salivary stones that are deposits of calcium salts in salv. glands or ducts
rhinoliths are stones in max. sinus
phleboloiths are calcified thrombi in soft tissues usually cheel
58
What are the results from proper safelighting in the coin test?
no visible image is seen on film
59
What skills promote a good relationship between individuals?
interpersonal
60
Bone
appears solid but is honeycombed with air space and blood capillaries and is classified intwo two types. (cortical and cancellous)
61
suture
immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of skull
a suture appears as a thin radiolucent line
ex. median palatal suture of maxilla (dont close off until 20's)
62
zygoma
cheek bone
diffuse radiopaque band extending post. from zygomatic process of max.
63
ridge
linear prominence or projection of bone
| example: external oblique ridge of mandible (sticks out)
64
What does risk management reduce?
the likelihood and liability of a legal suit being filed
65
types of techn. errors
```
conecut
misplaced
backward
underexposed
double exposed
light exposrure
```
66
patient education on radiology
1. disclose pathology
2. presentation of treatment plan
(oral, printed literature)
3. identify pt. concern
4. guide lines of ADA
5. consider your safety hazards
67
bloodborne pathogens
present in blood, contaminated sharps or microbes
68
How often should you check the dark room lighting?
check for light-tightness every month and proper safe lighting every 6 months. Only after the light tightness has been established, the safe light can be checked.
69
occupational exposure
exposure to contaminants during the function of performing the dental profession
70
What is quality assurance?
The planning, implementation and evaluation of procedures to produce high quality radiographs with maximum diagnostic information while minimizing the radiation exposure
71
lingual foramen
tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandilbe
surrounded by genial tubercles
72
the densities seen on the daily image appear lighter than the densities seen on the reference radiograph, this indicates?
the developer solution is too weak or too cold
73
mandibular canal
tubelike passageway thru bone that travels length of mand.
extends from mand. foramen to mental foramen and houses inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels
mand. PA appears radiolucent band
outlined by two thin radiopaque lines that represent coritcal walls of the canal
74
odontoma
most common and is small misshapened mass of teeth. RO wit RL fibous capsule resembling cyst..
also found in utuerus misaken for baby
75
exposure incident
a specific incident that involves contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that result from procedures performed by the dental professional
76
what is one of the most critical areas of quality control that requires daily monitoring?
processing of films
77
cyst
fluid filled or semi solid area that appears RL
78
semicritical instruments
instruments that contact but do not penetrate soft tissue or bone are classified as semicritical. must be sterilized after each use. high level disinfection is required if sterilization cannot be used. ex: beam alignment device
79
How often should processing solutions be replenished?
once daily
80
maxillary sinus
paired cavities or compratments of bone located within the maxilla above max. premolar and molar teeth
size of a small pea at birht. as grows, it expands and ocupies a large portion of
appears radiolucent above apices of PM and M
floor of max. sinus is composed of dense cortical bone and is radiopaque line
81
phalangioma
refers to distal phalanx on finger seen on image
82
condensing osteotits
is the sclerosis or hardening of bone as result of infection..
porcleian jackets
83
too little vertical angulation...
elongation
84
incorrect horizontal angulation..
overlapped
85
overexposed receptor..
dark or high in density..
excessive KV or MA was used
86
gemination
anomaly
twinning
single tooth but divides in-two two teeth.. not the fusion of two teeth.. usually centrals
87
mental ridge
linear prom. of coritcal bone located on external surface of ant. portion of mand.
extends from PM region to the midline and slops slightly upward
thick radiopaque band that extends from PM region to incisor
appears uperimposed over mand. ant. teeth
88
maxillary tuberosity
rounded prominence of bone that extends posteiror to the third molar region
radioapque bulge distal to third molar
89
high level disinfectant
chemical germicide inactivates, spores, can be used on heat sensitive instruments
90
Infection control practices in dental health care settings:
Vaccination of dental professionals
use of protective attire and barrier techniques
hand hygiene
proper use and care of sharp instruments and needles
sterilization of disinfection of instruments
clean and disinfect dental unit and surfaces
disinfect lab
use and care of handpieces
single use of disposable instruments
proper handling of biopsy specimens
proper use of extracted teeth in dental educational
proper disposal of waste materials
implementation of recommends
91
mental foramen
opening or hole in the bone located on the external surface of the mandible region of mand. PM
mand. PA appears as small ovid or round radiolucent area located bheind apical region of mand. PM
frequently misdiagnosed of PA lesion bc of its location
92
who can perform annual tests for dental xray machines?
dentist, dental hygienist or dental assistant
93
results of improper safelighting of coin test
fogged appearance and coin will show.
94
what must be present for disease transmission to occur?
succeptible host
pathogen with sufficient
infectivity and numbers to cause infection
a portal thru which the pathogen may enter the host
95
shape and density of alveolar bone
normal alveolar crest located in ant. region appears pointed and sharp betwwen teeth
normal alveolar crest located post. region appears flat and smooth between teeth
96
median palatal suture
the immoveable joint between two palatine processes of the maxilla
appears as a thin radiolucent line between max. CI
97
how is xray exposure limited?
thyroid collar, lead apron, fast film or digital sensor, beam alignment device
98
asepsis
absence of pathogens
99
intermediate level disinfectant
does not destroy spores but is tuberculocidal if hopsital grade
100
In what ways can the infection chain be broken?
1. vaccinations: HEP B, Flu, Measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus
2. sterilize to remove pathogens
3. sterilize plus disinfect
4. block portal entry (PPE)
101
anatomy of alverolar bone
lamina dura
alverolar crest
PDL space
102
osteosclerosis
abnormally dense bone not from infection
103
nutrient canals
tube like passage ways thru bone that contains nerve and blood vessels that supply teeth
vertical radiolucent lines
104
Critical instruments
used to penetrate soft tissue or bone are considered critical and must be sterilizied after each use. examples: forceps, scalpels, bone chisels, scalers, surgical burs.
105
fusion
anomaly
| two teeth joined or connected almost always at the crown
106
what kind of methods could be used to educate pt?
oral presentation
printed literature
or both
107
Routes of disease transmission
direct contact with pathogens can be from saliva, blood, respiratory secretions, or lesions
indrect contact with contaminated objects or instruments
direct contact with airborne contaminents present in spatter or aerosols of oral respiratory fluids
108
zygomatic process of maxilla
bony projection of mazilla that articulates with zygoma or malar (cheek bone)
appears as J or U shaped radiopazity superior to the max first molar region
109
body
body of mandible is the horizontal U shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus
110
ossifications
1. condensing ostetitis
| 2. osteoclerosis
111
what is the average time processing solutions be changed?
every 3-4 weeks
112
hypercementosis
excess cementum formation
113
what is the maxilla made up of?
```
incisive foramen
median palatal suture
tuberosity
canine (lateral fossa)
nasal cavity
nasal septum
floor of nasal cavity
anterior nasal spine
maxillary sinus
inverted Y
maxillary tuberosity
hamulus
zygoma
```
114
dentingerous cyst
most often with supernumerary teeth but also impacted
very common
can eat thru bone
115
what is the process of informing the pt about the particulars of exposing dental images?
disclosure
116
foramen
opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels
ex. mental foramen
117
incisive foramen
AKA. nasopalatine is an opening or hole located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the max. central incisors
nasopalatine nerve exits the maxilla thru the incisive foramen
appears as small ovid or round radiolucent area located btween the roots of the max. CI
118
ramus
vertical portion of mandible that is found post. to third molar
119
Antiseptic
substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria
120
apical diseas
PA abcess is caused by bacteria that has reached the pulp and caused irreversible pulp damage.
granuloma is a granulation tissue that is continuous with the PDL and attached root apex
121
Benign findings (not cancerous)
exostosis is localized overgrowth on bone such as a torus or tori that may occur on the hard tissue of the palate or lingual surfaces of mand. on bucccal next to molars on top
122
malignancies
carcinoma- of epithelial region
sacroma- of connective tissue origin produce a change in bone early on with patchy appearance.
123
amelogensis imperfecta
malformation of enamel
124
Nasal cavity
pear shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla
floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and horizontal portions of palatine bones
lateral walls are formed by ethmoid bone and maxilla
appears as large radiolucent area above max. incisors
divided by bony partition or wall called nasal septum
125
spine
a sharp thorn like projection of bone
| an example is anterior nasal spine of maxilla
126
what type of common restorative materials do you need to know?
amalgams, composite, pins, porcelain, stainles steel crown, bases, silver points, sargenti paste, gutta percha post and core build ups, implants, orthodontics, etc.
127
anomalies
any deviations from normal
anodontia is absence of teeth without explanation of extraction. the main cause is congentially missing teeth
128
parenteral exposure
exposure thru piercing or puncturing the skin
129
dentin
found beneath the enamel layer of a tooth and surrounds the pulp cavity
comprises of most tooth structure
not as radiopaque as enamel
130
tubercle
small bump or nodule of bone
| an example is mental tubercles of mandible
131
What must be used when preparing reference radiographs?
fresh films and chemicals
132
lateral fossa
aka k9 fossa
smooth depressed area of maxill located inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between k9 and LI
radiolucent area between max k9 and LI
133
alveolar process
portion of mandible that encases and supports teeth
134
concresence
anomaly
when the cementum of two adj. teeth is joined or fused.. very hard to determine. appears as overlapping oots
135
taurodontia
anomalie
tooth normally a mand. molar with very large pulp chamber and very short roots
136
inverted Y
intersection of max. sinus and nas. cav.
radiopaque upside down Y formed by intersection of lateral wall of nasal fossa and anterior border of max. sinus
located above max k9
137
reference radiograph
one that is processed under ideal conditions and then used to compare the film densities of radiographs that are processed daily
138
Pulp cavity
pumlp chamber and canals
contains blood vessels, nerves and lumphatics
radiolocuent
139
spaces and depressions in bone
appear radiolucent:
1. canal
2. foramen
3. fossa
4. sinus
140
unexposed receptor,,
with film it appears clear, digitial black or white with no recordings
141
alveolar crest
most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth
appears radiopaque and typically located 1.5 to 2.0 mm below the junction of the crown and root surface
142
too much vertical angulation resuluts in
foreshortneed
143
what is a lead apron used for?
to protect the reproductive, blood forming, and thyroid tissues from scatter radiation
144
nonodontogentic cyst
any cyst not arising from tooth
includes incisive canal cyst
nasopalatine and glubomaxillary cyst located btween lateral and k9
